Migration Caused by Environmental Changes Ivan Ivandić.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Access to HIV treatment Issues of working with HIV positive refugees and asylum seekers Linda McDonald MA MSc RN.
Advertisements

Human Rights and Refugees
The Paradox of Refugee Protection in the EU
Thanks go to the Jesuit Refugee Service. This quiz has have been developed in response to earlier work by them. This project on CST and Migration is developed.
Refugees and Migration. Persons of concern In 2005, there were approximately 20 million people worldwide who had been identified by the United Nations.
Refugee and Internally- Displaced Children Youth Advocate Program International 4000 Albermarle St. NW, Suite 401 Washington DC 20016, USA
Coordinated Assessment and Information Management Training 4 – 9 May 2014.
Right to Non-Refoulement – Protection Against Expulsion By Kris Spartanska.
UNFPA/UNECE/NIDI Training programme on international migration, Geneva, 24-28/01/2005 Trends in International Migration George Groenewold, NiDi 1. Concepts.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons
Tent Wars: Conflict-Induced Displacement and Displacement-Induced Conflict in Africa Rebecca Rushing Data Sources: UNHCR Statistical Yearbook 2001; Major.
International Principles of The Roles of UNHCR in Indonesia
UN Disaster Response Multinational Planning Augmentation Tempest Express 5 UlaanBaatar, Mongolia - 04 August 2003.
T HE L INK BETWEEN A SYLUM AND M IGRATION : When should Refugee Status be Granted to a Victim of Trafficking? September 4, 2012 Seminar: Challenges Relating.
Migration in Europe – , Prague, Czech Republic EU Migration and Asylum Policy.
Will Europe give Asylum? 11 September 2009, Tampere, Finland Ecumenical Seminar Discussion on Asylum Ecumenical Council of Churches, Finland Doris Peschke.
Dr Maurice Mullard Lecture 7. Who is a Non-Citizen? In the human rights arena the most common definition for a non-citizen is: “any individual who is.
The Archbishop of What?! Jean Binkovitz, M.S.,J.D. Asylum Law and the International Community.
Refugees – fundamentals September 17 Presentation at the CEU 17 September 2015.
Origins, Concepts and Challenges Patrick Egloff Advisor to the Representative of the UN Secretary General on the Human Rights of IDPs International Migration.
The impact of climate change on policy and migration of people Sandor Szalai Szent Istvan University
Reform of Annex X 2013 The active attempt to make the external service of the European Union unattractive Ferdinand Kopp, SFE
Eastern Zaire, : Refugees and the Manipulation of Humanitarian Assistance Stephen J. Stedman PS 114T May 20, 2003.
Md. Shahidul Haque Director, IOM, Geneva
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE LAW
‘ Readmission Agreements, Asylum Seekers and the 1951 Geneva Convention related to the Status of Refugees’ Annabelle Roig UNHCR Brussels 29 November 2005,
1 The importance of migration terminology. 2 Migration Terminology Importance of terminology in the area of migration Challenges in the area of migration.
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees International Law regarding Refugees Basic Principles Seminar on Migration Legislation Regional Conference.
Durable solutions: Challenges and way forward Building the context: who are IDPs and what are DS? IDMC training workshop (Place/Country) (Inclusive dates)
2 4 irregular migration at sea challenges A. The instruments 1. UNCLOS, UN Convention against transnational organized crime, Human.
Man-made Disasters Natural Hazards Man-made Disasters Natural Hazards Man-made Natural Hazards.
1 Foundation module 2 Child rights-based approaches.
1 The importance of migration terminology. 2 Migration Terminology Importance of terminology in the area of migration Challenges in the area of migration.
The right to asylum: what does it entail
1 Who are IDPs and what are their needs?. 2 Objectives  To define the basic elements of the definition of an IDP  To identify the specific problems.
Institutional Change and Climate Change in UNHCR and IOM High Commissioner for Refugees and IOM Director General UNFCCC Summit 2009, Copenhagen Nina Hall.
Recognition of a right to Immigration?. There is no Right to Immigration Right of entry into the national territory– only for National Citizens Art. 13,
Krešimir Perović, mag. iur. Head of the Independent Sector for Schengen coordination and Projects of the European Union
From “climate refugees” to “survival migrants”: international legal protection standards Michèle Morel PhD Fellow Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) Ghent.
‘REFUGEE’ DEFINITION – UNHCR. WHO ARE PERSONS OF CONCERN TO UNHCR? (Recap ) Simply described as persons whose protection and assistance needs are of concern.
Climate Change and Biodiversity as causes of Human Displacement: towards an International Legal Status for Environmentally-Displaced Persons Julien Bétaille,
The revised EU Asylum Qualifications Directive WHAT ARE THE GROUNDS FOR GRANTING INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION FOR FGM SURVIVORS OR WOMEN AND GIRLS AT RISK.
Recast Directives in CEAS
Large movements of refugees and migrants
Ministry of the Interior of the CR
European Refugee Crisis
Common European Asylum System
International Protection, Refugees & the UN
Treatment of Foreigners under International Law
International Protection of transgender refugees
IDPs and the International Community’s Evolving Response
The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families.
Legal framework for the Protection of Refugees.
The 1951 Refugee Convention
DG Environment, Unit D.2 Marine Environment and Water Industry
International Protection, Refugees & the UN
Safe, Orderly and Climate Resilient Migration: Challenges and Opportunities Nansen Initiative Regional Consultation in South Asia   Climate Change, Disasters.
Foundation module 2 Child rights-based approaches.
Global Refugee Crisis Review
Global Refugee Crisis Review
USEFUL LINKS
Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Migrants What’s the difference ?
Developing an IDP policy
8th Feb 2019 Nisreen Elsaim Muawia Shaddad
Right now… Two-thirds of people forced from home are still in their own country. They are seeking safety but unwilling or unable to leave. They have been.
Refugees in International Humanitarian Law
Migration and Natural Disasters
Introduction to the Discussion Paper on Draft Elements of a Guide to Effective Practices Prof. Walter Kaelin, Envoy of the Chairmanship of the Nansen Initiative.
Presentation transcript:

Migration Caused by Environmental Changes Ivan Ivandić

Statistics  The number of natural disasters has doubled over the past decade from 200 to 400 per year (UNHCR)  In 2008, 20 million of people were displaced due to floods and storms  Increased number of hurricanes and floods, reduction of water availability

The concept of envirnonmental migration  “Environmental migrants are persons or groups of persons who, for reasons of sudden or progressive changes in the environment that adversely affect their lives or living conditions, are obliged to have to leave their habitual homes, or choose to do so, either temporarily or permanently, and who move either within ther territory or abroad” International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2007  No legally binding instrument  No official term

Responsibility  National government  The doctrine of the “Responsibility to Protect”

UN  Guiding Principles in Internal Displacement, not legally binding - … forced or obliged to flee or leave… as a result of… natural or human-made disasters  Until 1998, UN assumed the responsibility of 22,4 million people, whilst by the end of 2008 – 34,4 million  “UNHCR would not recognise environmental migrants in the refugee framework of 1951 nor would environmental migrants be eligible for additional protection similar to that which (conflict) IDP’s receive.”, Constantin Hruschka, spokesman of UNHCR

EU  Leaving the “moral hazard” principle  Increasingly proactive stance on ozone depletion  Leading participant in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)  European values and “inclusive identity” vs. “fortress of Europe” concept  Finland and Swedish “Aliens Act” as an example  Will the fight for human rights triumph over the fear for security?

The Legal European Framework  Principle of non-refoulment  Directive 2001/55/EC (Temporary Protection Directive)  Directive 2011/95 (Recast Qualification Directive)

Directive 2001/55 – Temporary Protection Directive  ‘displaced persons’ means third-country nationals or stateless persons who have had to leave their country or region of origin, or have been evacuated, in particular in response to an appeal by international organisations, and are unable to return in safe and durable conditions because of the situation prevailing in that country, who may fall within the scope of Article 1A of the Geneva Convention or other international or national instruments giving international protection, in particular: (i) persons who have fled areas of armed conflict or endemic violence; (ii) persons at serious risk of, or who have been the victims of, systematic or generalised violations of their human rights; (Article 2(c) of the Directive)

Directive 2011/95 (Recast Qualification Directive)  ‘person eligible for subsidiary protection’ means a third- country national or a stateless person who does not qualify as a refugee but in respect of whom substantial grounds have been shown for believing that the person concerned, if returned to his or her country of origin, or in the case of a stateless person, to his or her country of former habitual residence, would face a real risk of suffering serious harm as defined in Article 15, and to whom Article 17(1) and (2) does not apply, and is unable, or, owing to such risk, unwilling to avail himself or herself of the protection of that country; (Art. 2 (f))

Directive 2011/95 (Recast Qualification Directive)  Serious harm consists of: (a) the death penalty or execution; or (b) torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment of an applicant in the country of origin; or (c) serious and individual threat to a civilian’s life or person by reason of indiscriminate violence in situations of inter­ national or internal armed conflict. (Art. 15)

Directive 2011/95 (Recast Qualification Directive)  Member States may consider it the duty of the applicant to submit as soon as possible all the elements needed to substantiate the application for international protection. In cooperation with the applicant, it is the duty of the Member State to assess the relevant elements of the application. (art. 4)  Member states may accord a time limit to an application  Time limit is not set in: Bulgaria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania and Finland

Different approach  Increased migration to Europe as a direct result of environmental change is unlikely.  Those affected by environmental change are more likely to migrate to urban areas where economic opportunities are greater but where there are increased risks of negative climate or environmental change.  Some populations affected by environmental change may find it difficult to move (and may become, in effect, trapped) even though migration is their best strategy to improve their life chances.

Conclusion  “If we do not officially recognise that there is such a person as “an environmental refugee”, we have no responsibility for them. If they are a reugee, we have responsibilities and they have rights” (Jean Lambert, a Green MEP from the UK)

 Thank you for your attention! 