The Kingdom Period Class #1 Introduction to the Kingdom Period

Dr. John T. Stevenson

Textbooks 1 And 2 Kings: An Introduction and Commentary (Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries), D. J. Wiseman, InterVarsity, First and Second Chronicles: Interpretation, Steven Shawn Tuell, Westminster John Knox, 2001

Hebrew Title Title of the Books of Kings Greek Title Hebrew Scriptures Melech “Kings” Greek Septuagint Basileion “Kingdoms” 1 st & 2 nd Kings consisted of one unified book Samuel & Kings  1 st Kingdoms  2 nd Kingdoms  3 rd Kingdoms  4 th Kingdoms

Title of the Books of Chronicles Hebrew Title: ~ymiY"h;- yreb.DI -- D'Vri HaYomim -- “Words of the Days.” Greek Title:  – “Things left to the side.”

2 nd Chronicles Reign of King David From Adam to David Reign of King Solomon Divided Kingdom Judah alone 2 nd Samuel 1 st Kings2 nd Kings Israel United Israel & Judah Divided Judah alone Fall of Samaria Fall of Jerusalem Samuel, Kings, & Chronicles Genesis thru 1 st Samuel 1 st Chronicles Death of Saul

1 st & 2 nd Chronicles A View from the Temple

Recipients of the Book Those who had returned from the exile

Purpose of the Books of Chronicles To set forth a record of the priestly worship of God’s people from David to the exile To give the fulfillment of the promises of the Mosaic Law regarding faithfulness and unfaithfulness to the covenant To show the importance of the Scriptures in providing the rule of faith for God’s people

Theme of 1 st & 2 nd Chronicles Worship in the Temple

Historical & Geographical Background to Kings & Chronicles

The Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia Egypt Hatti

Mesopotamia Egypt Hatti Land Bridge DESERT

Israel Hittites Assyria Egypt  Babylon

Assyria  Babylon Egypt Hittites Aram Phoenicia Israel

Assyria  Babylon Egypt Hittites Aram Phoenicia Israel Solomon’s Kingdom

1 Chronicles 1:1-4 Adam, Seth, Enosh, 2 Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, 3 Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, 4 Noah, Shem, Ham and Japheth. A beginning that is similar to the beginning of the book of Matthew and for the same reasons

1 Chronicles 1:5 Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Meshech and Tiras The sons of Japheth were

1 Chronicles 1:8 Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan. The sons of Ham were

1 Chronicles 1:17 Elam, Asshur, Arpachshad, Lud, Aram, Uz, Hul, Gether and Meshech. The sons of Shem were

1 Chronicles 2:1-2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, 2 Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Israel:

1 Chronicles 2:1-2 Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, 2 Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad and Asher. These are the sons of Israel: Sons of Leah Son of Bilhah (Rachel) Sons of Rachel Sons of Zilpah (Leah)

Adam to Abraham and his sons1 Sons of Israel down to David2 Sons of David and Solomon3 Sons of Judah & Simeon Chronicles 1-9 Lineage of David

The Prayer of Jabez And Jabez was more honorable than his brothers, and his mother named him Jabez saying, “Because I bore him with pain.” 10 Now Jabez called on the God of Israel, saying, “Oh that Thou wouldst bless me indeed, and enlarge my border, and that Thy hand might be with me, and that Thou wouldst keep me from harm, that it may not pain me!” And God granted him what he requested. (1 Chronicles 4:9-10).

Sons of Reuben, Gad, half tribe of Manasseh5 Sons of Levi, their musicians & settlements6 Sons of Issachar, Benjamin, Naphtali, Manasseh, Ephraim, Asher 7 Sons of Benjamin (greater detail)8 Summary of Jerusalem after the exile Priestly families Levitical families 9 1 Chronicles 1-9 No mention of the tribe of Dan Adam to Abraham and his sons1 Sons of Israel down to David2 Sons of David and Solomon3 Lineage of David Sons of Judah & Simeon4

Death of Saul 1-9 Genealogies of Israel 10 Reign of King David Mighty men Ark & Worship Covenant promises Temple site Histories of Israel’s Kings 1 st Chronicles

1 Chronicles 10:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines and fell slain on Mount Gilboa.

1 Chronicles 10:1 Now the Philistines fought against Israel; and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines and fell slain on Mount Gilboa.

1 Chronicles 10:2-3 The Philistines closely pursued Saul and his sons, and the Philistines struck down Jonathan, Abinadab and Malchi-shua, the sons of Saul. 3 The battle became heavy against Saul, and the archers overtook him; and he was wounded by the archers.

1 Chronicles 10:4 Then Saul said to his armor bearer, “Draw your sword and thrust me through with it, otherwise these uncircumcised will come and abuse me.” But his armor bearer would not, for he was greatly afraid. Therefore Saul took his sword and fell on it.

1 Chronicles 10:7 When all the men of Israel who were in the valley saw that they had fled, and that Saul and his sons were dead, they forsook their cities and fled; and the Philistines came and lived in them. Mount Gilboa

1 Chronicles 10:8-10 It came about the next day, when the Philistines came to strip the slain, that they found Saul and his sons fallen on Mount Gilboa. 9 So they stripped him and took his head and his armor and sent messengers around the land of the Philistines to carry the good news to their idols and to the people. 10 They put his armor in the house of their gods and fastened his head in the house of Dagon.

1 Chronicles 10:11-12 When all Jabesh-gilead heard all that the Philistines had done to Saul, 12 all the valiant men arose and took away the body of Saul and the bodies of his sons and brought them to Jabesh, and they buried their bones under the oak in Jabesh, and fasted seven days.

Jabesh-gilead AMMON Gibeah And he took a yoke of oxen and cut them in pieces, and sent them throughout the territory of Israel by the hand of messengers, saying, “Whoever does not come out after Saul and after Samuel, so shall it be done to his oxen.” (1 Samuel 11:7) Mount Gilboa

1 Chronicles 10:13-14 So Saul died for his trespass which he committed against the LORD, because of the word of the LORD which he did not keep; and also because he asked counsel of a medium, making inquiry of it, 14 and did not inquire of the LORD. Therefore He killed him and turned the kingdom to David the son of Jesse.

Death of Saul 1-9 Genealogies of Israel 10 Reign of King David Mighty men Ark & Worship Covenant promises Temple site Histories of Israel’s Kings 1 st Chronicles

1 Chronicles 11:1-2 Then all Israel gathered to David at Hebron and said, “Behold, we are your bone and your flesh. 2 In times past, even when Saul was king, you were the one who led out and brought in Israel; and the LORD your God said to you, ‘You shall shepherd My people Israel, and you shall be prince over My people Israel.’”

1 Chronicles 11:3 So all the elders of Israel came to the king at Hebron, and David made a covenant with them in Hebron before the LORD; and they anointed David king over Israel, according to the word of the LORD through Samuel.

Hebron JUDAH Jerusalem Then David and all Israel went to Jerusalem (that is, Jebus); and the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, were there. (1 Chronicles 11:4)

1 Chronicles 11:5-6 The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, “You shall not enter here.” Nevertheless David captured the stronghold of Zion (that is, the city of David). 6 Now David had said, “Whoever strikes down a Jebusite first shall be chief and commander.” Joab the son of Zeruiah went up first, so he became chief.

And David said on that day, "Whoever would strike the Jebusites, let him reach the lame and the blind, who are hated by David's soul, through the water tunnel."(2 Sam 5:6)

1 Chronicles 11:7-9 Then David dwelt in the stronghold; therefore it was called the city of David. 8 He built the city all around, from the Millo even to the surrounding area; and Joab repaired the rest of the city. 9 David became greater and greater, for the LORD of hosts was with him.

Jerusalem Canaanite city (Ebla tablets date as early as 2400 B.C.) Considered a neutral city by the Israelites Historic connections to Abraham The city from which Jesus would provide redemption

1 Chronicles 11:10 Now these are the heads of the mighty men whom David had, who gave him strong support in his kingdom, together with all Israel, to make him king, according to the word of the LORD concerning Israel. ~yrIABGIh; yveÛar"

1 Chronicles 11:16-17 David was then in the stronghold, while the garrison of the Philistines was then in Bethlehem. 17 David had a craving and said, “Oh that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate!” hd"_ WcM. B;

1 Chronicles 11:18-19 So the three broke through the camp of the Philistines and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and took it and brought it to David; nevertheless David would not drink it, but poured it out to the LORD; 19 and he said, “Be it far from me before my God that I should do this. Shall I drink the blood of these men who went at the risk of their lives? For at the risk of their lives they brought it.” Therefore he would not drink it. These things the three mighty men did.

Jesus, the Stronger Man Born in Bethlehem He is the “mighty man” who gave of Himself for others DavidJesus Born in Bethlehem His mighty men put themselves at risk Poured out the water they brought because of their sacrifice Poured out His own blood for us as the ultimate sacrifice