Do Now Define the terms “Hero” and “Tyrant” What are some examples in history of Heroes and Tyrants? Can someone be both a hero and tyrant?

Constitution Year III of the Republic With the foreign invaders vanquished and the Reign of Terror at an end, the Convention was finally able to inaugurate its new constitution. It created the Directory….

Continued Military Success Napoleon won battles against the Italians and Austrians in 1796. Won most of Egypt in 1798, but suffered heavy losses in the Navy to achieve victory. Kept his losses secret from the government and became a national hero, being promoted to General.

The Consulate The popular and well-supported Napoleon led a coup d'état in November 1799 against the Directory. The resulting government, called the Consulate, enabled Napoleon to be dictator of France.

After Napoleon’s Takeover…Answer the following Did Napoleon do more to preserve the legacy of the French Revolution or to destroy it? Although Napoleon assumed dictatorial powers, he became First Consul as well as Emperor with the enthusiasm and approval of the French people. Should this affect how we judge him in the role of "tyrant"?   Must we assume that all conquerors throughout history are villains? When, if ever, can a conqueror be hero? Did Napoleon conquer others for a higher purpose, or only for his own glory?

Napoleonic Wars Napoleon desired to rule all of Europe. Many wars were fought from 1805-1815 throughout Europe. Gained control of Spain, Holland, Italy, the Rhineland, and Poland

Map of Napoleonic Wars

Continental System Britain remained France’s primary enemy. Napoleon implemented the Continental System or blockade of British trade.

Napoleon’s Policies Established the Concordat; recognition of the Catholic Church’s influence in France. Established the Bank of France to regulate the economy and collect taxes. Created the Napoleonic Code of Laws. Established a public school system. Developed a strong sense of French nationalism.

How would the following people see Napoleon? An aristocratic lady who fled France during the Revolution after several relatives were guillotined. A worker in Paris who was among those who stormed the Bastille in 1789. A soldier who fought with Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805.

Russian Campaign - 1812 In June 1812, Napoleon led an army of 600,000 men to invade Russia. The Russian troops withdrew as the French advanced, burning food supplies and fields so that the French had nothing. 250,000 French soldiers died 94,000 were taken prisoner 150,000 were wounded

Exile to Elba - 1814 After the Russian Campaign disaster, Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig. Napoleon was allowed to keep his title of Emperor, but was exiled to the island of Elba.

Hundred Days - 1815 France’s enemies restored the monarchy and the borders of France to what they had been in 1792. Napoleon escaped from Elba and returned to France. Troops sent to arrest him, pledged their loyalty to him instead. On March 20, Napoleon returned to Paris to cheering crowds.

Waterloo On June 18, 1815, French troops met a coalition of Belgian, Dutch, Prussian, and British troops. Both sides suffered heavy losses, but in the end the French lost. Napoleon was captured and exiled to Saint Helena, an island in the South Atlantic.

Did Napoleon betray the Revolution or fulfill it? Economy Government and Society Religion Goals of the French Revolution *Equal taxation *Lower Inflation Reduce government corruption. Equal access to power. Reduce the power of the Church. Religious Tolerance. Napoleon’s Actions *Fair tax system *National Bank *Stabilized Currency Merit based civil service. lycees to train bureaucrats. Unified Legal Code. Catholicism set up as cultural religion. Separation of Church and State maintained. Results *Equal Taxation *Stable Economy Efficient government. Equal opportunity. Public education. Religious tolerance. Secular State.

Napoleon’s Tomb

Hitler Visits Napoleon’s Tomb June 28, 1940

Congress of Vienna Meeting of European diplomats. Restored pre- French Revolution monarchies. Restored France’s borders to the borders in 1792.

Napoleon Crossing the Alps By Jacques-Louis David Painted1801-1805 Oil on canvas