& Origins of the Cold War U.S. History & The Constitution Unit 11 Notes: Post World War II & Origins of the Cold War U.S. History & The Constitution

26.1: Origins of the Cold War containment 1.) The U.S. began to formulate a policy of ______________, the taking of measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries, that was initially carried out by the Truman Doctrine.

26.1: Origins of the Cold War 2.) By 1946, the US-USSR tensions were publicly recognized. Winston Churchill said an ____________________ had descended upon Europe. Iron Curtain

26.1: Origins of the Cold War 3.) The conflicting U.S. & Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the _______________, a conflict in which neither nation directly confronted the other on the battlefield. Cold War

26.1: Origins of the Cold War Truman Doctrine 4.) The _____________________ declared that “it must be the policy of the U.S. to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed members or by outside pressures (aka: keep Soviet influence from spreading).

26.1: Origins of the Cold War 5.) Fearing that a war-torn & economically weak Western Europe would elect socialist/communist governments, the US offered aid, the _________________________, to promote economic rebuilding. Marshall Plan

26.1: Origins of the Cold War 6.) The first Soviet test of the US policy was the Berlin blockade. The US responded with the ________________________ & the US won this first Cold War confrontation. Berlin Airlift

26.1: Origins of the Cold War North Atlantic Treaty Organization 7.) The _________________________________(NATO) established a military alliance aimed at the USSR.

26.2: The Cold War Heats Up China 8.) After a long civil war, _______, under the leadership of the American-backed nationalist Chiang Kai-shek, fell to the communist forces led by Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong). The nationalists fled to Taiwan (Formosa) & the country then became two separate countries.

26.2: The Cold War Heats Up 9.) In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea. At the urging of the Truman administration, the United Nations voted unanimously to demand a cease fire. Although the UN supported a ‘police action’ to defend South Korea, the majority of troops & financial support for the ____________ came from the US. Formal peace negotiations ended with North Korean forces contained above the 38th parallel, a victory for containment at a cost of 34,000 American lives. Korean War

26.3: The Cold War at Home 10.) Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy gave his name to the anticommunist crusade, _____________, which used the tactic of the Big Lie, repeating an untrue accusation of affiliation with communism loudly & often, to smear countless diplomats, artists & statesmen. McCarthyism

26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge 11.) The test explosion of an atomic bomb by the USSR led the US to accelerate the development of the _______________ & began a nuclear arms race & then a space race. Hydrogen Bomb

26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge Warsaw Pact 12.) In 1955, the Soviet Union organized the ______________, a military alliance of Eastern European nations & the USSR for defense against NATO.

26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge 13.) President Eisenhower issued the ______________________ in January of 1957 in response to Soviet support for Egypt. It warned that the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country. Eisenhower Doctrine

National Defense Education Act to promote science & math skills 26.4: Two Nations Live on the Edge Sputnik 14.) The Cold War, intensified by the launch of ________ in 1957, resulted in an increased emphasis on quality education, especially in science and math. Prosperity allowed young people to stay in school longer and more young women attended college. 1958 = Congress passed the National Defense Education Act to promote science & math skills

27.1: Postwar America 15.) Educational programs expanded as a result of postwar conditions. Veterans returning from war took advantage of the __________, also known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act, to attend colleges & trade schools thus providing a more educated & skilled work force that would, in turn, promote economic & cultural growth in the postwar period. G.I. Bill

27.1: Postwar America loans 16.) This education act made available federally guaranteed _________ to veterans buying homes or starting new businesses.

27.1: Postwar America 17.) In protest to President Truman’s civil rights push, Southern Democrats, also known as _____________, for the States’ Rights Party, & nominated their presidential candidate, SC governor Strom Thurmond. Dixiecrats

27.1: Postwar America 18.) Returning veterans who married & began families needed more housing, spurring _________________. The baby boom of the late 1940s & 1950s also contributed to the growth of suburbia. suburbanization

27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties 19.) The end of the Great Depression and World War II & the prosperity of the 1950s contributed to an explosion in the birthrate. This ______________ led to an increase in the number of school age children & placed a strain on the educational system so that new schools were needed. baby boom

27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties 20.) The wide availability of the automobile & the expansion of highways by the passage of the _____________________ during the Eisenhower administration accelerated the growth of suburbs. Interstate Highway Act

27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties 21.) Pent-up demand for consumer goods that were unaffordable during the Depression years & unavailable during wartime created markets for a wide array of goods & services and helped to recreate _____________. consumerism

27.2: The American Dream of the Fifties 22.) In the fall of 1963, American spy planes photographed missiles sites being built in Cuba. President Kennedy placed a naval blockade around Cuba to prevent the Soviets from arming these sites. After 13 days of tension, an agreement was reached that ended the ___________________ and averted nuclear confrontation. Cuban Missile Crisis