C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850) Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening Section 2: Immigrants and Cities Section 3: Reforming Society Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery Section 5: Women’s Rights Chapter 15

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?  What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?  What were some ideas of the romantic movement? Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Second Great Awakening During the Second Great Awakening, church membership and religious faith spread across the country. Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Transcendentalists’ View of American Society simple simple spiritual spiritual free from material objects free from material objects equality for men and women equality for men and women Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Ideas of American Romantics spirituality spirituality simple life simple life nature nature individualism individualism democracy democracy Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  Why did so many Irish and German immigrants come to the United States in the 1840’s and 1850’s?  How did some Americans react to immigrants?  What caused U.S. cities to grow, and what benefits and problems did this growth create? Section 2: Immigrants and Cities

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Wave of Immigrants fled to escape economic and political problems fled to escape economic and political problems fled to escape religious persecution fled to escape religious persecution Section 2: Immigrants and Cities

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Response to Immigrants became nativists became nativists formed the Know-Nothing Party formed the Know-Nothing Party Section 2: Immigrants and Cities nativist – U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Growth of Cities Industrial and Transportation Revolutions Industrial and Transportation Revolutions Rural Migration Rural Migration Immigration Immigration Benefits: aided business owners and skilled workers and furthered arts and culture Benefits: aided business owners and skilled workers and furthered arts and culture Problems: overcrowding, limited transportation, conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing and public services, tenements Problems: overcrowding, limited transportation, conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing and public services, tenements Section 2: Immigrants and Cities

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  How did reformers improve prisons in the early and mid-1800’s?  Why did reformers start the temperance movement?  How did Americans’ educational opportunities change during the early and mid 1800’s? Section 3: Reforming Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Prison Reform in the Mid 1800’s separate facilities for mentally ill and criminals separate facilities for mentally ill and criminals state hospitals state hospitals reform schools reform schools houses of correction houses of correction Section 3: Reforming Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Temperance Movement The temperance movement was begun to halt alcohol abuse and social problems. Section 3: Reforming Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Changes in Education – early and mid 1800’s common-school movement common-school movement more funding and better salaries more funding and better salaries greater opportunities for women, African Americans, and people with special needs greater opportunities for women, African Americans, and people with special needs Section 3: Reforming Society

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  Why did some Americans become abolitionists?  How did abolitionists spread the movement’s message?  Why were some Americans against abolition? Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Abolitionists American abolitionists opposed slavery on religious, moral and political grounds. Others wanted to prevent conflicts between races. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Spreading the Abolitionist Message speaking tours speaking tours newspaper articles and pamphlets newspaper articles and pamphlets poetry and literature poetry and literature The Liberator The Liberator American Anti-Slavery Society American Anti-Slavery Society Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Opposition to Abolition thought freed slaves would take jobs away from whites thought freed slaves would take jobs away from whites thought slavery was a vital party of Southern economy and culture thought slavery was a vital party of Southern economy and culture opposed interference from outsiders opposed interference from outsiders Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  How did the abolitionist movement affect the women’s rights movement?  What were some goals of the women’s rights movement?  What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls convention, and why was it significant? Section 5: Women’s Rights

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Influence of Abolition on Women’s Rights Women felt they had to defend their rights to speak in public. Section 5: Women’s Rights

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Goals of Women’s Rights Movement reform and abolition reform and abolition better education better education voting rights voting rights property ownership and control property ownership and control Section 5: Women’s Rights

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Seneca Falls Convention Purpose: organize a women’s rights movement Purpose: organize a women’s rights movement Significance: first public meeting for women’s rights in the U.S. Significance: first public meeting for women’s rights in the U.S. Section 5: Women’s Rights