EL PARTNER TECNOLÓGICO STABLE – Reference Li-air cell

2 Outline -Cell configuration (general) -Li-Anode (WP1) - Separator (WP1) -Air-cathode material (WP2) - Electrolyte - Characterization

33 Reference conditions Gas Type Cell Collector Anode AnodeMembrane Collecteur Cathode Cathode O2 (99,99998%) Swagelok Copper Rod (or copper foam) Lithium chips Wahtman GF/A Alluminium (Al) tube (or stainless steel) + SS spring + component melt by spot resistance Al tube (or SS tube) AirCoin Cell Stainless Steel (SS) Lithium chips Wahtman GF/A SS mesh + SS spring + component melt by spot resistance SS mesh Electrolyte OrganicRTIL SolventSaltSolventSalt EC/DECLiPF6EMITFSILiTFSI NB1: This is not only a blibliographic research. Theses configurations are used at the moment NB2: Pouch cell is the step farther

4 Cell configuration Swagelok cell (O 2 ) Name: PFA Swagelok tube fitting ½ inch Reference: PFA Web link: 6&item=2b c169-4f69-bac4-8bfa338a165b# 6&item=2b c169-4f69-bac4-8bfa338a165b# Active surface area: 10 mm-diameter Current collector: Anode: Copper rod Cathode: Al or Stainless steal tube Coin cell (Air) Name: Meshed CR2032 Coin Cells Cases (20d x 3.2mm) for Lithium Air Battery Research (1 pair with seal O-ring) Reference: EQ-CR2032-CASE-304-MES Web link: aspx aspx Active surface area: 14 mm-diameter

5 Air-cathode materials Current collector: 304 Stainless Steel Meshed Disc (80 mesh woven from mm dia. Wire, Alfa Aesar) as Electrode Substrate for CR2032 – EQ-SSMD-304 (MTI.Corp.) Active material: Graphite Super C65 (CAS: – TIMCAL) Binder: PVDF ADX 161 (CAS: – Arkema) Solvent for slurry preparation: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich, anhydrous, 99.5% )  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 10 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 14 mm Composition ref.

6 Swagelok cell Why is it the good choice. -Everybody is using it, easier to compare to previous results -Cheap and Versatile cell: Possibility to change each component one by one Possibility to tune (melting by spot resistance, 2 or 3 electrodes, line of several cells…) Contacts melt by spot resitance Gas in Gas out Vale for charge /discharge Battery

7 Anode materials Active material: Lithium (CAS: ) Name: Lithium Chip 15.6 Diax0.25t mm for Li-ion Battery R&D 100g/bottle (4000 pcs) Reference: EQ-Lib-LiC25 Web link: Name: Lithium ( Li ) Foil: 30000mm Length x 35 mm Width x 0.17mm Thick Reference: Lib-LiF-30M Web link:  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 12 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 14 mm Copper foam for nanostructuration (lithium eletrodepositon), disc of 12 mm taken from Good fellow (LS396347), 6.35 mm, 0.85/cm 2, 99.9%, 16 Pores/cm, 150 x 150 mm, 120g.

8 Electrolyte Carbonate-based electrolyte Solvent: EC/DEC (2/1 volume).. Working very well, better than DMC or PC mielts. EC: Ethylene carbonate (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich ) DEC: Diethyl carbonate (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich ) Salt: LiPF 6 – Lithium hexafluorophosphate (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich ) Concentration: 1 mol/L Ionic liquid electrolyte EMIM TFSI – 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich 11291) LiTFSI – Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (CAS: – Sigma Aldrich ) Concentration: 1 mol/L

9 Separator Name: Whatman® glass-fiber filter paper, Grade 25 Reference: Z EA Web link:  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 10 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 16 mm  LISICON commercially available ??

10 Electrochemical characterization  Method - Galvanostatic charge /discharge, cycling: Current: 50 to 1000 µA/cm 2 Potential window: [2 V : 4 V] -Impedance spectroscopy: ± 200 mV to E OC  Gas -Condition 1: O 2 / Flow rate: 0.1 SCFH (Premier or Ultrapuro Plus, < 5 or < 2 ppm of inpurities) -Condition 2: Mediterranean Air atmosphere of Barcelona.

11 Leitat team ContactDivisionPositionTasks David Amantia, PhD. Nano Material External coordinator (STABLE) Team leader Co-leader STABLE (LEITAT) Coordination External/Internal Materials Christophe Aucher, PhD. Renewable Energy Researcher Co-leader STABLE (LEITAT) Co-Coordination Internal Electrochemistry Albert Almarza, engineer Nano MaterialResearcherMaterial Étienne Knipping, engineer Renewable EnergyResearcherElectrochemistry José A. Sáez, PhD. Smart SystemTeam leaderModeling / Simulation