WP4 Organic crystal deposition Mojca Jazbinsek Rainbow Photonics AG SOFI meeting Karlsruhe
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Summary RB activities Jan-April 2013 Melt deposition of BNA on SOFI2 chips with CMOS electrodes: 6 samples sent to KIT on April 15, 2013 for evaluation Melt deposition of OH1 on SOFI2 chips with electrodes First tests
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Melt deposition technique used Chips are covered with a glass substrate Material molten at the edge and flows between by a capillary force Slow cooling -> Crystallization Deposition process needs to be optimized for a particular chip type (surface properties) Removal of the cover glass
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG SOFI2-CMOS metalized chips Different geometry and conditions for melt flow & crystal growth compared to chips previously tested
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Deposition of BNA on SOFI2-CMOS chips Most of the chip: very flat surface, weak wettability of the melt Cover (flat) glass forms a close contact with the surface Melt flow is very slow (compared to the same chips) Trenches with waveguides present a barrier for the flow, but once it is crossed, the melt can flow faster within the trenches (not always…)
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Deposition of BNA on SOFI2-CMOS chips Using vacuum and melt deposition at higher temperatures, a good covering of the chip with melt has been achieved. Reproducible conditions for the crystal growth could not be achieved yet each chip was processed individually
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Example 1: Only a part crystalline, the rest amorphous (which later at room temperature slowly grows further, but dendritic) Previous chips: no amorphous BNA/dendrites
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Example 2: Very thin BNA film; thickness 0 on top, but there is still material and crystallization in channels
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Example 3: In most cases the BNA crystal stayed on chip after removing the cover. In this example, it remained mostly on the cover, but the channels still contain crystalline material Previous chips: easier cover removal
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Example 4: Bad crystal on top (polycrystalline, holes), but seems single crystalline within the channels
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Example 5: Low damage after removal, good single crystallinity
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Melt deposition of OH1 Material Point group n (|| polar axis) r (highest tensor component) Melting T m (°C) Stable at T m DAST DSTMS m pm/V (χ (2) =580 µm) 256N OH1mm pm/V212Y OH2mn.m.n.m. (>60 pm/V expected)242Y DAT pm/V235Y BNAmm21.8 n.m. 30 pm/V (Dalton 2011) our estimation: ~15 pm/V 102Y DAN pm/V nm)166Y Compared to BNA: + higher EO coefficient + higher melting temperature – higher refractive index (lower contrast, PVA cover less effective) – growth much more challenging
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Melt deposition of OH1 Growth challenges (Dec. 2012): Parts may stay amorphous – crystal growth easily inhibited Dendritic growth Slow growth: good single crystals, but many parts amorphous Fast growth: instabilities lead to dendritic growth The conditions change on different substrates Growth results less reproducible as with BNA 2013: With SOFI2-CMOS chips very similar observed also for BNA
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG OH1 on bare SOFI1 (Q4 2011) Best example
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG First tests with OH1 Deposition is challenging, no general conclusions yet
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Conclusions New geometry for the crystal growth brings new challenges Once the growth is successful, this geometry is expected to be beneficial also for crystals
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG Planned / needed Feedback from KIT (SOFI2-CMOS-BNA) Deposition experiments with OH1 SOFI 3 (June?) Samples: 4 SOFI2 chips left (edge of the wafer)
SOFI meeting Rainbow Photonics AG WP4 Deliverables, Milestones M4.1 [M21] Optimized processes for EO polymers and crystals with sufficient yield (RB, GO) M4.2 [M21] Processes for chalcogenides (CUDOS). M4.3 [M21] Identification of optimal electro-optic materials with respect to optical and electro-optical properties and to thermal stability (RB). M4.4 [M30] Identification of optimal electro-optic materials with respect to integration into silicon (RB). D4.1 [M24] Silicon-organic chips with EO waveguides (first device run) handed over to WP5 (RB, GO, UKA). D4.2 [M30] Report on full potential and limitations of the electro-optic materials for hybrid integration with silicon for all approaches & comparison of different solutions (GO, RB, CUDOS). D4.3 [M30] Silicon-organic QAM modulator chips (second device run) handed over to WP5 (RB, GO, UKA) D4.4 [M36] Report on electro-optic polymers and organic single crystals suitable for reproducible optical functionalization of SOI in large quantities (GO, RB). D4.5 [M40 = April] Third device run, coated and poled, handed over to WP5 (RB, GO,KIT). D4.6 [M40 = April] Chips functionalized with chalcogenides handed over to WP5 (CUDOS, KIT)