The Middle East Partnership Initiative Supporting freedom and opportunity so democracy can spread, education can thrive, economies can grow, and women.

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The Middle East Partnership Initiative Supporting freedom and opportunity so democracy can spread, education can thrive, economies can grow, and women can be empowered مبادرة الشراكة الأميركية الشرق أوسطية مساندة الحريات والفرص ليمكن للديمقراطية أن تنتشر، والتعليم أن يزدهر، والاقتصاد أن ينمو، وتعزيز إمكانيات المرأة.

Commercial Law Development Program Office of General Counsel United States Department of Commerce CLDP TEXT تحسين البيئة القانونية للأعمال التجارية حول العالم برنامج تطوير القانون التجاري هو واحد من برامج وزارة التجارة الأميركية، ويتولى البرنامج مهمة فريدة من نوعها وهي توفير المساعدة الفنية في مجال القانون التجاري إلى الجهات الحكومية والخاصة في الدول ذات الاقتصاد المتحول لمساندة جهود الدول في تحقيق أهداف التنمية الاقتصادية. الشركاء العاملون مع المبادرة MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER برنامج تطوير القانون التجاري مكتب القنصل العام وزارة التجارة الأميركية IMPROVING THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT FOR BUSINESS WORLDWIDE The Commercial Law Development Program (CLDP), a program of the U.S. Department of Commerce, is uniquely tasked with providing technical assistance in the commercial law arena to the governments and private sectors of transitional countries in support of their economic development goals.

Page 3 تطوير قوانين التجارة لدول الاتحاد السوفيتي السابق للدخول إلى أسواق الاقتصاد الحر Developed commercial laws for Former Soviet Union countries to enter free market economies العمل مع الدول في مختلف أنحاء العالم، بما فيها دول منطقة الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا Work with nations all over the world including throughout the Middle East and North Africa CLDP experience all over the world CLDP MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER تجارب البرنامج حول العالم

Page 4 قام البرنامج بتركيز جهوده نحو مساعدة الأنظمة القضائية في شبه الجزيرة العربية لتطوير القوانين التجارية التي من شأنها مساندة الجهود الرامية إلى تنويع الاقتصاد وزيادة تحرير التجارة. CLDP has focused on assisting legal systems in the Arabian Peninsula to develop commercial laws that support economic diversification and increased trade liberation. من شأن سياسات القانون التجاري أن تساند نمو المبادرات التجارية في منطقة شبه الجزيرة العربية Commercial law policy can support the growth of entrepreneurs in the Arabian Peninsula. CLDP focus in the Arabian Peninsula CLDP MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER تركيز البرنامج في منطقة شبه الجزيرة العربية

Page 5 How does Commercial Law support Entrepreneurship? Commercial Law can support entrepreneurship by developing mechanisms by which: 1) New companies are started 2) Existing companies grow 3) Creditors are protected 4) Transactions are enforced MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP كيف يمكن لقانون التجارة أن يساند المبادرات التجارية؟ يمكن لقانون التجارة أن يساند المبادرات التجارية من خلال تطوير آلية من شأنها أن تساعد: 1) الشركات الجديدة على بداية أعمالها 2) نمو الشركات القائمة 3) حماية الدائنين 4) تنفيذ المعاملات

Page 6 Primary Commercial Laws MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP 1) Company Law and Corporate Governance 2) Lending Law 3) Insolvency and Bankruptcy Law 4) Contract Law قوانين أولية للتجارة 1)قانون الشركات وقانون حوكمة الشركات 2)قانون الإقراض 3)قانون الإعسار والإفلاس 4)قانون العقود

Page 7 Company Law and Corporate Governance MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP لمساندة الشركات في بداية أعمالها وأثناء النمو، فإنه يجب أن يكون للنظام التجاري القانوني آلية معيّنة يمكن من خلالها للحكومات والمستثمرين تسجيل وتنظيم الشركات. To support company startup and growth, a commercial legal system needs to have a mechanism by which companies are recognized and regulated by the government and investors. نحتاج إلى نظام يدعم الحوكمة الجيدة للشركات وذلك لحماية المستفيدين من المشاريع وتخفيف تكلفة التمويل على الشركات. Need a system of supporting good company governance, to protect stakeholders and lower the cost of financing to companies. مثال: القوانين الجديدة للشركات التجارية وحوكمة الشركات Example: New Commercial Companies Laws and Corporate Governance Codes قانون الشركات وحوكمة الشركات

Page 8 Lending Law MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP لتسهيل نمو الشركات والتقليل من تكاليف التمويل فإنه من الضروري أن يشتمل النظام التجاري القانوني على القوانين التي من شأنها تسهيل تقليل تكلفة القروض إلى أدنى حد ممكن بالنسبة للشركات الجديدة والقائمة على حد سواء. To facilitate company growth and cost-effective financing, a commercial legal system needs to maintain laws that will facilitate the lowest cost lending possible to start-up as well as mature companies. مثال: تسجيل الضمان على الممتلكات المنقولة بالإضافة إلى الممتلكات العقارية. Example: Collateral Registry for movable as well as real property قانون الإقراض

Page 9 Insolvency and Bankruptcy Law MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP في حالة فشل الشركات، يجب أن يحتوي النظام التجاري القانوني على وسائل مناسبة لحماية الأصول وتوزيعها على الدائنين. If companies fail, the commercial legal system must have methods of protecting and distributing assets to the creditors. مثال: إعادة الهيكلة من خلال إجراءات الإفلاس Example: Restructuring through bankruptcy proceedings قوانين الإعسار والإفلاس

Page 10 Contract Law MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP لغرض تسهيل المعاملات التجارية، فإنه من الضروري أن يشتمل النظام التجاري القانوني على قانون العقود الذي من شأنه حماية المعاملات التجارية العادلة والنزيهة. In order to facilitate commercial transactions, the commercial legal systems needs to maintain contract law that protects fair and equitable business dealings. مثال: أ) تطوير العقود، ومن ضمنها قوانين التجارة الإلكترونية. ب) تنفيذ العقود من خلال قوانين وممارسات التحكيم. Examples: a) the development of contracts such as through electronic commerce laws and b) the enforcement of contracts such as through arbitration laws and practices قانون العقود

Page 11 CLDP Contact Information Commercial Law Development Program US Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave., NW Stop 5875 Washington, DC Tel: Fax: James Filpi Senior International Attorney-Advisor MEPI IMPLEMENTING PARTNER CLDP