Hip Joint

Hip Joint The hip is the most proximal of the lower extremity joints. It is very important in weight-bearing and walking activities. Like the shoulder, it is a ball-and-socket joint. The rounded or convex-shaped femoral head fits into and articulates with the concave-shaped acetabulum. Unlike the shoulder, the hip is a very stable joint and therefore sacrifices some range of motion. The hip joint (a triaxial joint) has motions in all three planes.

Motions of the Hip Flexion Extension Hyperextension Abduction Adduction Lateral Rotation Medial Rotation

Muscles of the Hip Iliopsoas Rectus Femoris Sartorius Pectineus Gracilis Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gluteus maximus Semimembranosus Deep rotators (6) Semitendonosus Biceps femoris Gluteus medius Tensor fascia latae Gluteus minimus

Iliopsoas

Iliopsoas O: Iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T12 through L5 I: Lesser trochanter A: Hip flexion N: Iliacus portion: Femoral nerve (L2, L3) Psoas major portion: L2 and L3 *The iliopsoas muscle is actuall two muscles: iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle*

Rectus Femoris

Rectus Femoris O: Anterior inferior iliac spine I: Tibial tuberosity A: Hip flexion, knee extension N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Sartorius

Sartorius O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: Proximal medial aspect of tibia A: Combination of hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3)

Pectineus

Pectineus O: Superior ramus of pubis I: Pectineal line of femur A: Hip flexion and adduction N: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

Adductor Longus

Adductor Longus O: Pubis I: Middle third of the linea aspera A: Hip adduction N: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Brevis O: Pubis I: Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera A: Hip adduction N: Obturator nerve (L3, L4)

Adductor Magnus

Adductor Magnus O: Ischium and pubis I: Entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle A: Hip adduction N: Obturator and sciatic nerve (L3, L4)

Gracilis

Gracilis O: Pubis I: Anterior medial surface of proximal end of tibia A: Hip adduction N: Obturator nerve (L2, L3)

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Maximus O: Posterior sacrum and ilium I: Posterior femur distal to greater trochanter and to iliotibial band A: Hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation N: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Medius O: Outer surface of the ilium I: Lateral surface of the greater trochanter A: Hip abduction N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Gluteus Minimus

Gluteus Minimus O: Lateral ilium I: Anterior surface of the greater trochanter A: Hip abduction, medial rotation N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Deep Rotator Muscles Obturator externus Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Piriformis Gemellus superior Gemellus inferior

Obturator Externus

Obturator Externus O: Rami of pubis and ischium I: Trochanteric fossa A: Hip lateral rotation N: Obturator nerve

Obturator Internus

Obturator Internus O: Rami of pubis and ischium I: Greater trochanter A: Hip lateral rotation N: Nerve to obturator internus

Quadratus Femoris

Quadratus Femoris O: Ischial tuberosity I: Intertrochanteric crest A: Hip lateral rotation N: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Piriformis

Piriformis O: Sacrum I: Greater trochanter A: Hip lateral rotation N: S1, S2

Gemellus superior

Gemellus superior O: Ischium I: Greater trochanter A: Hip lateral rotation N: Nerve to obturator internus

Gemellus inferior

Gemellus inferior O: Ischial tuberosity I: Greater trochanter A: Hip lateral rotation N: Nerve to quadratus femoris

Hamstring Musculature Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus

Semimembranosus O: Ischial tuberosity I: Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia A: Extend hip and flex knee N: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Semitendinosus

Semitendinosus O: Ischial tuberosity I: Anteromedial surface of proximal tibia A: Extend hip and flex knee N: Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Biceps Femoris

Biceps Femoris O: Long head: ischial tuberosity Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera I: Fibular head A: Long head: extend hip and flex knee Short head: flex knee N: Long head: Sciatic nerve (S1, S2, S3) Short head: Common peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Tensor Fascia Latae

Tensor Fascia Latae O: Anterior superior iliac spine I: Lateral condyle of tibia A: Combined hip flexion and abduction N: Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)