IL PASSATO PROSSIMO CON AVERE. What is the Passato Prossimo? The passato prossimo is used to describe actions and events that have occurred in the past,

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IL PASSATO PROSSIMO CON AVERE

What is the Passato Prossimo? The passato prossimo is used to describe actions and events that have occurred in the past, particularly in the recent past. The passato prossimo is a compound tense that consists of two parts.

The two parts are…… 1.2. helping verb + past participle (avere + participio passato)

Part One……The Helping Verb io ho tu hai lui ha lei ha Lei ha noi abbiamo voi avete loro hanno Loro hanno Avere: to have

Part Two……The Past Participle -are  -ato parlare  parlato -ere  -uto vendere  venduto -ire  -ito finire  finito

Both avere and the past participle are necessary to express the past tense in Italian.

Parlare: to speak io ho parlato = I spoke / I have spoken / I did speak tu hai parlato = you lui ha parlato = he lei ha parlato = she Lei ha parlato = you noi abbiamo parlato = we voi avete parlato = you (all) loro hanno parlato = they Loro hanno parlato = you (all)

Vendere: to sell io ho venduto = I sold / I have sold / I did sell tu hai venduto = you lui ha venduto = he lei ha venduto = she Lei ha venduto = you noi abbiamo venduto = we voi avete venduto = you (all) loro hanno venduto = they Loro hanno venduto = you (all)

Finire: to finish io ho finito = I finished / I have finished / I did finish tu hai finito = you lui ha finito = he lei ha finito = she Lei ha finito = you noi abbiamo finito = we voi avete finito = you (all) loro hanno finito = they Loro hanno finito = you (all)

Most Italian verbs form the passato prossimo with the auxiliary verb avere. These verbs are mostly transitive, that is, they take a direct object that answers the question what? or whom? Transitive Verbs

Hanno mangiato(che cosa?)una pizza. They ate(what?)a pizza. Abbiamo preparato(che cosa?)il pranzo. We prepared(what?)lunch. Ho veduto(chi?)Sergio. I saw(whom?)Sergio. Hanno incontrato(chi?)Edoardo. They met(whom?)Edoardo.

The passato prossimo is often accompanied by an expression of past time, such as ieri, scorso, or fa. Past Time Expressions

Expressions with ieri: ieri: yesterday ieri mattina: yesterday morning ieri pomeriggio: yesterday afternoon ieri sera: last night l’altro ieri: the day before yesterday

Expressions with fa: un’ora fa: one hour ago due giorni fa: two days ago tre settimane fa: three weeks ago cinque anni fa: five years ago molto tempo fa: a long time ago poco tempo fa: not long ago qualche tempo fa: some time ago quanto tempo fa?: how long ago?

Expressions with scorso: sabato scorso: last Saturday la settimana scorsa: last week il mese scorso: last month l’anno scorso: last year

Other expressions: già: already mai: ever (never)