Why SDN and MPLS? Saurav Das, Ali Reza Sharafat, Guru Parulkar, Nick McKeown Clean Slate CTO Summit 9 th November, 2011

Why do Service Providers use MPLS? Really about 2 services MPLS Services MPLS VPNs MPLS - TE Motivation Highly profitable No easy way Older ways not used Motivation Deterministic Behavior Efficient Resource Utilization Older ways not used 2

What is Traffic Engineering? Steering traffic to where the bandwidth is… good for the traffic - less congestion good for the network - better resource utilization MPLS Solution: Create tunnels routed over under-utilized parts of the network Route traffic through the tunnels 3

Video of a Demonstration showing MPLS-TE service with SDN/OF 4

OSPF-TE RSVP-TE LDP I-BGP LMP MP-BGP Label Switched Path (LSP) PUSHSWAPPOP 5

OSPF-TE RSVP-TE LDP I-BGP OpenFlow NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM Routing Routing Discovery Discovery Label Distribution Label Distribution Recovery Recovery TE TE LMP MP-BGP PUSH Simpler Data Plane Simpler Control Plane Services Network Applications SWAPPOP Label Switched Path (LSP) Provide the Services without the Complexity! 6

State Distribution Mechanisms Switch Operating System Distributed Network Functions IGP- Route Advert, Link- State OSPF v2 TE Label Distrib ution RSVP- TE VPN- IPv4 Route Advert MP- BGP E-BGP learned Route Advert I-BGP + RR PE Label Distrib ution LDP Distributed Network Functions each with their own State Distribution Mechanisms Motivation 7 1.MPLS doesn’t come cheap MPLS additional feature on complex core-routers Need to support many protocols 2.MPLS doesn’t come simple IP/MPLS Control plane exceedingly complex

OSPF v2 RSVP- TE MP- BGP I- BGP + RR LDP OSPF v2 RSVP- TE MP- BGP I- BGP + RR LDP OSPF v2 RSVP- TE MP- BGP I- BGP + RR LDP JuniperCiscoBrocade TE Auto-Route Auto-Bandwidth Priorities Load-Share DS-TE FRR Re-opt Auto-Route Auto-Bandwidth Priorities Load-Share DS-TE FRR Re-opt Auto-Route Auto-Bandwidth Priorities Load-Share DS-TE FRR Re-opt Motivation 3. Slow pace of Innovation 8

Providing MPLS Services with SDN/OF OpenFlow NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM Routing Discovery Label Distribution Recovery TE 2.0 Simpler Cheaper Multi-Vendor Data Plane (1) Simpler Control Plane (2) Services / Network Applications (3) SWAPPOPPUSH 9

Application/Service Viewpoint 3 Examples of SDN Benefits: 1.Programmability & Simplicity 2.Extensibility 3.Global -Optimization 10

R3 R6 R2R4 R5 R1 Re-routing Packets into Tunnels 11 Exposing tunnels to OSPF or IS-IS N 2 problem Strictly avoided

IP routing (SPF) TE-LSP routing (CSPF) PBR/FBF, AutoRoute Link-state: cost, up/down TE-Link-state: weight, attributes, reservations Link-state: cost, up/down R3 R6 R2R4 R5 R1 Re-routing Packets into Tunnels 12 Tunnels not Represented here

AutoRoute Destination RouterNext-HopTotal-Cost R4R4, OutIntf 1210 R6R6, OutIntf 910 R2R4, OutIntf 1220 R2R6, OutIntf 920 Destination RouterNext-HopTotal-Cost R4R4, OutIntf 1210 R6R6, OutIntf 910 R2TunnIntf T120 R3 R6 R2R4 R5 R1 13 Routing Table in R5

AutoRoute IP dest-prefix via dest-router (in domain) next-hop next-hop is tunnel Automated but Inflexible Policy Based Routing IP dest-prefix via dest-router (in domain) next-hop Header-field-match next-hop is tunnel or something else Flexible but Not Automated 14

SDN based Routing IP routing (SPF) TE-LSP routing (CSPF) Static-routes, PBR/FBF, Autoroute Link-state: cost, up/down TE-Link-state: weight, attributes, reservations Link-state: cost, up/down Programmability => Flexibility + Automation 15 Default SPF Routing IP network TE-LSP Routing (CSPF) VoIP traffic Routing Customer traffic Routing Load Sharing Tunnels Represented here

NOX core (Connection Handler, Event engine) NOX core (Connection Handler, Event engine) Switch- API Switch- API GUI API (LAVI) GUI API (LAVI) GUI (ENVI) GUI (ENVI) OpenFlow protocol To switches.. Link Discovery IP Topology TE-LSP Routing (CSPF) TE-LSP Configuration Bw. Res. & Priorities Label DB TE tunnel DB Packet-flow DB Label DB TE tunnel DB Packet-flow DB Controller TE Applications Map Abstraction Network API TE-LSP Statistics & Auto-Bandwidth Network API Default SPF Routing Load Sharing Traffic-type Aware Routing Packet-flow Routing Applications Controller Internals ~4000 Lines-of-Code 16

Application/Service Viewpoint 3 Examples of SDN benefits: 1.Programmability & Simplicity 2.Extensibility 3.Global -Optimization 17

L3-VPN 18

2 new protocols – LDP and MP-BGP Implementation in each router More code to tie VPN service to protocols … and protocols to other protocols CLI changes + configuration … and eventually standardization What would it take in today’s networks? 19

NOX core (Connection Handler, Event engine) NOX core (Connection Handler, Event engine) Switch- API Switch- API GUI API (LAVI) GUI API (LAVI) GUI (ENVI) GUI (ENVI) OpenFlow protocol To switches.. Link Discovery IP Topology TE-LSP Routing (CSPF) TE-LSP Configuration Bw. Res. & Priorities Label DB TE tunnel DB Packet-flow DB Label DB TE tunnel DB Packet-flow DB Controller TE Applications Map Abstraction Network API TE-LSP Statistics & Auto-Bandwidth Network API Default SPF Routing VPN Routing Traffic-type Aware Routing Packet-flow Routing Applications What did it take with SDN? Just this!! 20

Providing MPLS Services with SDN/OF OpenFlow NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM Routing Discovery Label Distribution Recovery TE 2.0 VPNs 2.0 Simpler Data Plane (1) Simpler Control Plane (2) Services / Network Applications (3) Optimized FRR/ AutoBw MPLS-TP Control Multi-layer Control SWAPPOPPUSH 21

Application/Service Viewpoint 3 Examples of SDN Benefits: 1.Programmability & Simplicity 2.Extensibility 3.Global -Optimization 22

Auto-Bandwidth/ Re-Opt Timers 23

Churn Source: NANOG 24 R3 R6 R2R4 R5 Local View  Local Optimization

Global View  Global Optimization OpenFlow NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM Routing Discovery Label Distribution Recovery TE 2.0 VPNs Dynamically Update Forwarding State 1.Periodic, Online Global-Opt Optimized FRR/ AutoBw MPLS-TP Control Multi-layer Control SWAPPOPPUSH 25

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Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Prototype System Network Operating System (NOX) GUI (Envi) showing real-time network state GUI (Envi) showing real-time network state Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch (with MPLS) Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane Open vSwitch with standard MPLS data plane OpenFlow MPLS GUI MPLS API MPLS Stats CSPF Routing MPLS-TE Auto – route; Auto – bandwidth Traffic – aware LSPs; Priorities TE-LSP configuration Mininet Environment 28