1 Plurion Vision: “To be the dominant player in the multi billion dollar market for high capacity electricity storage”

2 The storage market has arrived Renewable Energy Matches supply to demand Relieves transmission instability Arbitrage Low cost off peak generation stored and sold at peak pricing System Operation Peak lopping Reduced spinning reserve Removes transmission bottlenecks The value of storage increases rapidly with increasing energy price. Renewable Energy is often out of sync’ with demand Grid instability has forced Japan to require new wind farms to have storage Important US and EU markets are likely to follow with “Mandated Storage” AEP has placed an order for a 1GW (~$1Billion) NaS battery The current market for utility scale storage is $1-2Billion/year and this is expected to grow to $10-20Billion by 2020

3 Storage technologies Flow batteries are now acknowledged to cover the “sweet spot” – highest storage capacity for 20kW – 10MW applications

4 Flow Batteries Established high capacity battery technology Energy stored in liquid electrolytes (tanks) Power delivered through electrochemical cells (cell stacks) Power and energy are de- coupled - adding tanks increases capacity Also known as Reversible fuel cells RedOx batteries Diagram of Plurion’s 65kW module Electrolyte tanks electrolysers

5 Some Flow Battery Chemistries The concept is not new and numerous flow battery chemistries have been evaluated. With the exception of Plurion’s technology all are now public domain AIC’s strategy was to time formation of Plurion and patent filings to the emergence of real markets CoupleMax cell voltage Average power density (W/m2 of electrode) IPPlayers Iron-Tin0.62V<200W/m2Weak – core technology is public domain Abandoned Iron-Titanium0.43V<200W/m2Weak – core technology is public domain Abandoned Iron- Chrome1.07V<200W/m2Weak – core technology is public domain Abandoned Vanadium-Vanadium1.4V~800W/m2Core chemistry is public domain ~10 players as of 2007 Sodium/Bromine Polysulfide 1.54V~800W/m2Core chemistry is public domain Licensed to VRB Power Zinc Bromine1.83V~1000W/m2Core chemistry is public domain ~8 players as of 2007 Lead/Lead/MSA2.0V~1000W/m2Patents of matter held by Plurion Unique to Plurion Cerium/Zinc//MSA2.43V W/m2Patents of matter held by Plurion Unique to Plurion

6 Plurion - a plurality of ions Consequently, Plurion has patent protection for a unique platform of redox flow batteries Each builds on Plurion’s core patents, AIC’s IP portfolio and a growing platform of proven materials and equipment Plurion’s technology platform is based on the use of an organic acid (MSA) in a flow battery This environmentally friendly acid makes it possible to produce much higher concentrations of dissolved metal ions than is possible with mineral acids – in turn this provides for higher energy and power densities. MSA also makes it possible to utilize novel metal ion combinations (known as a “RedOx couple”) which have a high cell voltage but are not possible with mineral acids. This positions Plurion as the only Flow Battery company holding patents of matter in its core chemistries

7 Some of the Flow Battery IP owned by Plurion RedOx CoupleCell Voltage Energy Density (Wh/l of electrolyte) Benefits V/V/MSA1.4V12-20Common electrolyte Co +3 /Zn 0 /MSA 2.6TBAHighest cell voltage Mn +3 /Zn 0 /MSA 2.2TBA Ce +4 /V +2/ /MSA 2.0TBA Ce +4 /Ti +3/ /MSA 2.2TBACommon electrolyte Ce +4 /Zn 0 /MSA High cell voltage Good power density Moderate energy density Common electrolyte Pb +4 /Pb 0 /MSA2.0~50High cell voltage Good power density Very high energy density Single electrolyte – one tank No membrane or catalyst Zn/O2//MSA1.8~120Exceptional energy density Single electrolyte - one tank

8 Some of Plurion’s Patent Filings A&P = patent approved and published; A = approved but not published; Pen = patent still being examined; C = continuation of approved patent.

9 Putting this in perspective Comparative cost analysis assuming equivalent volume production each using a manufactured product

10 250kW plug and play units based on 65kW sub-module Competitive Role Model Simple cycle gas turbine peak plant Reliable, manufactured, mission critical Leased not sold Product Vision Layout of 250kW moduleLayout of 65kW sub-module