Building energy efficiency standards : towards Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) WEC kick off meeting – London, May 20th Carine Sebi, Enerdata

Building efficiency standard WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 2  Building energy codes aim at limiting the specific energy consumption of new buildings by imposing minimum energy requirements  Since their first implementation in the 1970’s, they have been updated and strengthened over time in OECD countries and increasing number of emerging countries  In OECD countries, they aim now at nearly Zero Energy Building targets, in particular in Europe or Japan, Canada or USA.

Building code implementation in G20 countries WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 3

Outline 1. European policy requirements 2. Case studies: Denmark,UK, France, Germany 3. Outside Europe

European legislative framework WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 5  Significantly strengthened in recent years by: – the recast of the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD, 2010/31/EU), – the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED, 2012/27/EU), – and to a lesser degree, the Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC).  the three Directives set out a package of measures that create the conditions for significant, long term improvements in the energy performance of Europe's building stock.  Member States are required to draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly Zero-Energy Buildings, plans shall include: – A definition of nZEB according to national/local conditions (in kWh/m²) – Intermediate targets for new buildings by 2015 – Information, financial or other measures adopted to promote nZEB + details on the use of RE in new and existing building (major renovation)

European situation on nZEB WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 6  Denmark, UK, France and Belgium (Brussels Region) had been already established general strategies or aims on nZEB definitions.  Approaches will be quite different from country to country  Vary from zero carbon to explicit minimum primary energy values  A gradual approach in form of a roadmap towards the 2020 target is planned in most of the countries (published in 2012)

Outline 1. European policy requirements 2. Case studies: Denmark,UK, France, Belgium 3. Outside Europe

Denmark 1rst with official commitment WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 8  Set-up national nZEB definition and roadmap to  The minimum energy performance requirements gradually stricter  Improvement done by increasing the requirements for buildings insulation. In addition, the primary energy factors for electricity and district heating have to be improved by 2020 and the renewable energy supply from nearby and onsite will have to grow. Green Lighthouse, Denmark Nzeb definition and pathway A=the heated gross floor area

Towards an nZEB in the United Kingdom WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 9  Not yet officially committed in buildings regulations  Different approach: focus on carbon emissions  Targets: Zero Carbon Buildings by 2016 for new residential and by 2019 for all non-residential buildings  From 2016 the carbon compliance limits for the building performance should be : o 10 kg CO2/m²/year for detached houses or ~46 kWh/m2/yr o 11 kg CO2 /m²/year for attached houses or ~46 kWh/m2/yr o 14 kg CO2 /m²/year for low rise apartment blocks or ~39 kWh/m2/yr  It is discussed how investments in off-site renewable energy (“allowable solutions”) can be taken into account in the nZEB balance Doncaster Civic Office, England

France - BBC WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 10 Les Vignes 1, France  ‘Grenelle Environnement’ recommended the adoption of more ambitious requirements for all new constructions, i.e. at the same levels as BBC, the voluntary low-energy standard in France.  low energy requirements were adopted in the recast of the French thermal regulation (RT 2012).  RT 2012 set the minimum performance requirements at 50 kWh/m²/yr in primary energy (incl. need for space heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting and auxiliary energy like fans and pumps). The minimum energy requirement is adjusted by climatic zone and altitude and hence varies between 40 and 65 kWh/m²/yr.  By 2020, the Grenelle -1 Law requires that all new building have to be energy positive, i.e. to produce more renewable energy than the building’s need.

nZEB in Belgium-Brussels Region Taper ici le titre de la présentation 11  In amended EPB Ordinance tightening requirements from January 2015 onwards (at level of Passive House standard)  nZEB definition/Minimum requirements from 2015: o residential buildings:  primary energy consumption below 45kWh/m2/yr and  heating need below 15kWh/m2/yr. o office and education buildings :  primary energy consumption below (90-2.5*C) kWh/m2/yr and  heating need below 15kWh/m2/yr and cooling need below 15kWh/m2/yr (C=Volume/area) Le Lorraine, Brussels

Concluding remarks WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 12  Different definitions, in different contexts.  On average the nZEB requirement corresponds to roughly 50 kWh/m² today in Europe for new building:  nZEB targets and concept target mainly NEW BUILDING  nZEB requirement in existing buildings present several issues: on implementation (juridical problem to enforce renovation), acceptability (fuel poverty), etc. BEPOS

Outline 1. European policy requirements 2. Case studies: Denmark,UK, France, Belgium 3. Outside Europe

nZEB process outside Europe (1/2) WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 14  In Japan, nZEB as the necessity to reduce energy consumption (“Basic Energy Plan”, METI, 2010) with policy target proliferation toward 2020 and The target is as follows: – for newly constructed public buildings, etc., by the year – for an average of newly constructed buildings by the year  Beyond 2015 Canadian Building Code, future update will include energy performance improvements that. The national model energy code for buildings in 2015 will establish today’s innovative practices as the new minimum standards for tomorrow.

nZEB process outside Europe (2/2) WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 15  USA executive Order defines reporting requirements with detailed targets and timelines for Federal agencies that shall in the beginning in 2020 and thereafter, ensuring that all new Federal buildings that enter the planning process are designed to achieve zero-net-energy by 2030  Beginning January 1, 2014, significant California Green Building Standards (CALGreen) effort begins to make all new residential construction in NZEB by 2020 (and by 2030 for commercial). To date, California has more zero net energy buildings than any other state in the US.

Thank you for your attention ! Contact: Carine SEBI Senior Analyst

Entranze project objectives WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 17  To actively support policy making by providing the required data, analysis and guidelines to achieve a fast and strong penetration of nZEB and RES-H/C within the existing national building stocks.  To connect building experts from European research and academia to national decision makers and key stakeholders with a view to build ambitious, but reality proof, policies and roadmaps. The core part of the project is the dialogue with policy makers and experts and will focus on nine countries, covering >60% of the EU-27 building stock. Data, scenarios and recommendations will also be provided for EU- 27 (+ Croatia and Serbia)

Germany WEC- kick off meeting – London, 20th May 18  Nzeb requirement implemented within Revised Energy Conservation Act (EnEG) which is in force since July 2013  “Translation” of the overall NZEB concept into a concrete standard, interim targets etc. still pending (may be 50% better than the buildings performance nowadays in 2020)  Ongoing discussion about appropriate instruments addressing modernisation of building stock (incl. implementation of Art 13(4) RED)  Emerging debate about NZEB contributions delivered by thermal insulation of building envelope and supply systems Adelhausen, Germany