INGV-CNIT-NOA-EO Project presented in the ambit of CIPS program SWING Short Wave critical Infrastructure Network based on new Generation of high survival radio communication system With the support of the Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence Management of Terrorism and other Security-related Risks Programme European Commission - Directorate-General Home Affairs

Acronyms CIPS – “Prevention, Preparedness and Consequence Management of Terrorism and other Security related Risks“ CNIT- Consorzio Nazionale Inter-universitario per le Telecomunicazioni ECIs - European Critical Infrastructures EO – Ebro Observatory CGAs - Controlling Governmental Agencies HF – High Frequency INGV – Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia NOA - National Observatory of Athens SW - Short Wave SWING - Short Wave critical Infrastructure Network based on new Generation of high survival radio communication system

SWING in pills SWING in pills The proposed project deals with the study and design of a system of HF radio connection among European Critical Infrastructure (ECIs) and/or Controlling Governmental Agencies (CGAs) that replace broad band transmission able to survive in any adverse conditions and terrorist attack. Starting date Duration- 24 Months Methodology- Share the activities in four Working Groups (WGs) where each WG is involved in the tasks of the project as better specified below. Partnership- INGV, CNIT, NOA, OE

SWING in pills Target groups- Agencies and institution devoted to management of Critical Infrastructures that are linked by internet network. Expected results- The project is finalized to demonstrate the feasibility of a network high survival HF communication as buck-up and independent system to ensure minimum management and communication requirements, in the case of internet failure due to a terrorist attack.

Revised budget Revised budget (about 54% of the initial request) Eligible costs ,02 € Grant approved from the CIPS Program: ,64 € Grant approved / total eligible costs (max 70%): 69,78 %

AMOUNT RECEIVED AMOUNT RECEIVED Grant requested FIRST RATA 60% OF THE GRANT INGV , ,20 CNIT , ,00 NOA , ,00 EO , ,00 I RATA € ( 60% of the requested Grant ,64 )

PARTNERS (CO-ORDINATOR AND CO-BENEFICIARIES) The Applicant/Organization is the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) Italy. The INGV’s staff is indicated as Working Group 1 (WG1) prevalently operating in Roma. Other Co-Beneficiaries are the three research institutes: -National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT) Italy. CNIT’s staff is indicated as (WG2) prevalently operating in Pisa. -National Observatory of Athens (NOA) Greece. The NOA’s staff is indicated as (WG3) operates in Athens. -Ebro Observatory (EO) Spain. The EO’s staff is indicated as (WG4) operates in Roquetes. See chart of following figure that indicates the Applicant/Organization and the 4 WGs with the respective tasks.

SWING ORGANIZATION CHART

Why SWING The potential risk of wide scale terrorist attacks able to put out of order, for a long period, the internet connections capabilities exposes the European Critical Infrastructures (ECIs), like electric power distribution and production infrastructure, CGAs, safety and defense organization, water distribution agency, airports, etc. in a stage of vulnerability because of some essential information are transferred by means of internet both for management and control. The aim of SWING is to study a high survival HF radio network (data/voice) to real time support of ECIs communications, maintaining the minimum flux of essential information for the management and control in case of wide scale terrorist attacks able to render internet links useless over the Mediterranean region. This will increase the awareness of ECIs operators in the extreme case of the complete broadband failure of the communication.

1-Business Card The proposed project, deals with the study and design of a system of HF radio connections to link ECIs among themselves and with their CGAs. This system will replace broad band internet transmission when the latter fails. The HF network will withstand adverse conditions such as those encountered in case of a terrorist attack, guaranteeing the communication between ECIs and CGAs, and the transmission of necessary data for the survival and minimum operability of ECIs. SWING will be designed to evaluate the threat and increase the security awareness, as well as the level of protection, of analogous and/or interdependent ECIs.

2-Business Card In order to meet these goals and therefore CIPS priorities, SWING will have to recognize how and when the internet communication fails, and develop the standard software and hardware tools, necessary for implementing communication protocols, suited for a reliable and interoperable Short Wave radio network back up. Therefore, SWING must also analyze the HF network requirements necessary for alerting and controlling ECIs from their CGAs in case of threat or attack, understanding the particular characteristics and design a radio-communication architecture for a HF radio network.

3-Business Card To meet the above mentioned objectives the main activities will initially concern the designation of ECIs in the regions of interest and the analysis of potential communication problems among them and between ECIs and CGAs, followed by the identification of the most suitable topology for a high survival radio communication network. Subsequently, SWING will determine the criteria for early warning alerts, the procedures to activate the back up network, as well as the minimal amount of information necessary to maintain control over ECIs keeping them linked even in critical conditions. For what concerns the HF radio network, SWING will define and design the software and hardware necessary to a high survival HF radio network.

Objectives Objectives a- To study internet communications criticality. b- To analyse the requirements necessary to ECIs and CGAs management and control. c- To develop a communication protocols in order to define standard software and hardware tools supporting reliable and interoperable Short Wave radio communication techniques for ECIs and CGAs protection. d- To study the frequency management system taking into account the special characteristics of the ionospheric channel. e- To design a radio-communication architecture for a distributed South European short wave radio network.

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 1- Interface with EU authorities and coordination.INGV M1 - M24 Jan Dec 2013 Communications and Internal Report

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 2-Technical analysis of the communication problems related to the identification and designation of CIs in the interested area. INGV - CNIT M1 – M9 Sep 2012 Technical Report 3- Determination of the topology of high survival radio communication network. INGV - CNIT M1 – M9 Sep 2012 Technical Report 4- Characterization of the minimal amount of information necessary for the survival of the CIs communication. INGV - CNIT M10 – M13 Jan 2013 Technical Report 5- Operative supervision of the network architecture.INGV - CNIT M13 – M16 Jun 2013 Technical Report

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 6-Analysis of the existing architecture of HF communication based on internet protocol access with reference to the above considered infrastructures. CNIT M1 – M6 Jun 2012 Technical Report 7-Analysis of existing HF connection system in terms of software and hardware for internet connection. CNIT M1 – M6 Jun 2012 Technical Report 8- Definition of the High survival HF radio network technical requirements. CNIT M1 – M6 Jun 2012 Technical Report 9 - Radio network system design.CNIT M9 – M12 Dec 2012 Technical Report 10-Criteria of early warning alert and procedures to activate the back up network. CNITM10 – M12 Dec 2012 Technical Report

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 11-Monthly prediction of the hourly HF set of frequencies over the n radio links given by the network, based on the available ionospheric model and methods. INGV, EO M13 – M16 Jun 2013 Technical Report 12-Daily forecasting of the hourly HF set of frequencies based on the Mediterranean ionospheric measurements. INGV, EO M13 – M16 Jun 2013 Technical Report 13-Ground wave propagation analysis when required.INGV M20 – M24 December 2013 Technical Report 14-Frequency management system for HF communication link optimization. INGV, EOM20 – M24 December 2013 Technical Report

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 15-Identification of the professional profile able to maintain and operate network. INGV,CNI T, NOA, EO M22 - M24 December 2013 Technical Report 16-Dissemination of deliverables within communities informing about initiatives organised in the context of the project. INGV,CNI T, NOA, EO M22 - M24 December 2013 Technical Report 17-Professional training activities through courses, workshops and conferences. INGV,CNI T, NOA, EO M22 - M24 December 2013 Technical Report 18-Assessment of the potential impact and feasibility of the project for ECIs and CGAs and final recommendations for the EC. INGV,CNI T, NOA, EO M22 - M24 December 2013 Technical Report

ACTIVITIES-- BY WHOM AND--DELIVERABLES 19-Realization of a demonstrator constituted by 4- terminals HF network. INGV,CNITM1 - M24 December 2013 (Realization of the demonstrator)

Gantt’s diagram Gantt’s diagram Act. M1M2M3M4M5M6M7M8M9M10M11M12M13M14M15M16M17M18M19M20M21M22M23M24 1- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 2- xxxxxxxxx 3- xxxxxxxxx 4- xxxx 5- xxxx 6- xxxxxx 7- xxxxxx 8- xxxxxx 9- xxxxxxxxxxxx 10- xxxx 11- xxxx 12- xxxx 13- xxxxx 14- xxxxx 15- xxx 16- xxx xxx 17- xxx xxx 18- xxx 19- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Example of 4-terminal HF network

HF network with central node

HF link

Adaptive connection Software defined radio is an adaptive radio technology that allows to adjust automatically to changing propagation conditions; To operate without operator assistance technique like Automatic Link Establishment (ALE) makes it possible ; Link Quality Analysis (LQA) that is a method of assessing channel quality, can be employed so that connections occur on the best channel/ frequency; Other automatic adaptive techniques are also available

Data transfer in HF link D ata transmission requires the use of modems to convert digital data into analog form, and viceversa; HF modems slow-speed FSK, high-speed parallel tone, or high- speed serial tone (Serial tone modems provide vastly improved data communications); FEC systems provide error correction without the need for a return link; Interleaving technique ; Automatic channel equalization and adaptive excision filtering.

Data protection Protection of the key is vital to securing the transmitted information encrypting the code by means of a key; Various degrees of security level depends on the algorithms and the number of variables in the key;. Other techniques like Low Probability of Detection (LPD) and Low Probability of Interception (LPI) can be considerated; Frequency-hopping in random way.

HF transmitting/receiving point

Mother board for software defined radio USRP N210 Kit P USRP N210 Kit P

TX Daughter boards for software defined radio

RX Daughter boards for software defined radio

500 W Power amplifier

Software defined radio (TX-terminal)

Software defined radio (RX-terminal)

Antenna system in Rome

Thanks for your attention