Antoine Lecroart Alcatel-Lucent Technological Infrastructure for Subsea Observatories Neville Hazell Alcatel Submarine Networks Antoine Lecroart Alcatel-Lucent

Cable Science Observatories Solutions Technology Pedigree Dry-Wet from Dry-Dry Architecture Optical Design IP and PTP Powering Ocean Engineering Conclusion Q&A

Technology Pedigree

Technology Pedigree

Trans-oceanic or Regional connectivity Deep water connectivity Dry-Wet evolves from Dry-Dry Traditional systems are Dry-Dry – No Subsea access Proven submerged wet equipment ; - cable, repeaters, Branching Units Being adapted to floating structures (Platforms or FPSOs) with dynamic risers Trans-oceanic or Regional connectivity Deep water connectivity

Dry-Wet evolves from Dry-Dry Very different to go Dry-Wet Flexibility – subsea access required Plug & Play – standardised ports Power needs to be treated differently Power required locally on the sea bottom Variable loads Sub sea connectivity

Architecture: Overview What are your network requirements?? Length Availability Maintenance Number of nodes Power Total Node Bandwidth Length Data Transmission Power - DC <100 m 10/100 BaseT Electrical 12/48/400 V < 10 km 10/100 BaseT Optical 1GE optical < 1MBit/s electrical <100 km Coastal 9,600 Bit/s electrical 400 V, 10,000V <1,000 km Regional 2.5/10 Gbit/s Optical SDH 10,000 V

Architecture: Regional Overview Gateway to local instrumentation network (or junction boxes) Sturdy Backbone Telco grade equipment Cable, BUs, repeaters High Availability – 99.9 % Duplicate routes Extendable

Architecture: Regional Overview ~ 800 km Ring configuration >> High availability from duplicate routes 9 KW of power per node, 2 Protected GigE per node Use of Wet-mate connectors, ROV serviceable node Spur cable Backbone cable Junction Box Shore Terminal Science Instruments R BU Repeaters Branching Units Node

Architecture: Optical transmission;- Mesh vs. ring Ring can use DWDM Each node has a set of wavelengths Dedicated bandwidth (not shared) Ring make powering easier to control Latching switching BU Ring is simpler No undersea routing necessary (Level 2 is enough) Ring is sturdier A node may be lost without affecting the rest of the network Node Pt. Alberni Station

Architecture: Power transmission Series vs. Parallel Branching Unit Spur Cable Node MV Converter Pt. Alberni Shore Station Backbone Cable Power Feed Equipment 10 KV DC transport required due to network size and remote extension capabilities Parallel mode is the only way to have large amounts of power at each site (9 KW) DC/DC conversion is mandatory (MV Converter) A DC power grid!

Line Design Subsea node uses a small form factor node WDM transponder Based on Alcatel-Lucent 1696MS Compact Shelf with two transponders(facing East and West) Transponder boards Maps 2 GigE into an STM-16/OC-48 FEC High Performance Optics Ring is designed for future extension Up to 1800 km Up to 10 nodes Some nodes could be further upgraded to 10 Gbit/s

IP and PTP Dual star with redundant GigE paths Alcatel-Lucent 7450 Routers and 6850 Switches (stacked) Network is designed to transport PTP packets with minimum delay to distribute precision timing Tested with PTP server and PTP client successfully ~ 10 s accuracy Uses the latest Level 2 mechanisms such as LACP Minimizes delays and allows fast path protection Data Switches Pt. Alberni Shore Station Node Gigabit Ethernet

Powering Powering is NEPTUNE’s main departure from a telco system and requires: An optically controlled four state power switching BU (latching) BUs and repeaters qualified to up to 8A of line current High power (2 x 80 KW) PFE using the AC mains

Powering: Medium Voltage Converter (MVC) Reliable 9KW 10 KV to 400 V DC converter in each node Parallel/Series arrangement of 48 elementary converters

Powering: Low Voltage Power System (LVPS) Unique 400 V monitoring, control and distribution unit in each node Integrated with the Topside Node Controller Built around a micro-controller

Ocean Engineering COTS equipment in the node call for the use of ROV wet-mate connectors to be able to service the node down to 3500 m Node is in two parts: Trawl Resistant Frame (TRF) Detachable Cable Termination Assembly (CTA)

Ocean Engineering Node Module (NM) Can be disconnected from the Science Instruments and the TRF for maintenance Node module is made almost neutrally buoyant so that it can be handled by a work class ROV Composed of the MVC and LV/Comms pressure vessels

Coastal Observatories 10kV/400V Power system Fixed BU Direct fibre access to Junction Box Simplified Node Branching Unit Node Junction Box

Coastal Observatories – simplified node

Conclusion Alcatel-Lucent with its subcontractors (L-3 MariPro, Texcel, ODI, Heinzinger, Westermo, Omnitron) is developing the first large scale Regional Dry-Wet network The Technology may be readily adapted for Coastal Observatories The University of Washington and the University of Victoria were the first to see the potential of this concept for oceanography and interest is also high in Asia and Europe