Université de Bourgogne Flash profil and MFA Dominique Valentin ENSBANA/CESG Université de Bourgogne valentin@u-bourgogne.fr flash profil
Definition Flash Profile (FP) is a sensory descriptive method derived from Free Choice Profiling where each subject chooses and uses his/her own words to evaluate the whole product set comparatively. Describe rapidly the sensory properties of a product set Dairou V. and Siefferman J.M (2002) A comparison of 14 jams characterized by conventional profile and a quick original method, the Flash Profile. Journal of food science, 67,826-834 flash profil
Principle Free description comparative presentation Ranking procedure « How would you describe the main sensory dimensions of the products » « Rank the product according to each dimension that you identified » flash profil
Principle Descriptor: - + Descriptor: Fruity - + A C B D E G F H flash profil
Methodology Preliminary session (30 mn to 1h): each assessor write down a first list of descriptors Inter-session: each assessor read the descriptors written by other assessors Main Session (2 to 3 h): comparative evaluation of the set of products for each generated descriptor flash profil
Methodology Number of assessors: 4 to 6 sensory experts Number of products: Max 15 but depend on the nature of the products Number of repetitions: 2 or presentation of some product in duplicate to test reproducibility flash profil
An example: Flash profile and beers 6 lager beers: Sapporo (Japan) Casablanca (Morocco) Page 24 (France) Carlsberg (Denmark) Tsintao (Chine) 6 trained assessors flash profil
An example: raw data Assessor 1 Assessor 2 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Fruity 3 2 5 4 1 Malt Phenol Persistance Sweet Assessor 2 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Strong taste 4 3 5 2 1 sweet bitter malt sparkling flash profil
An example : raw data Assessor 3 Assessor 4 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Bitter 2 4 5 1 3 Alcohol Assessor 4 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Fruity 4 2 5 3 1 Malt Bitter Alcohol Hop flash profil
An example : raw data Assessor 5 Assessor 6 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Taste intensity 2 3 5 4 1 Hop Malt Bitter Alcohol Sweet Assessor 6 Descriptors Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao Hop 3 2 5 1 4 Malt Bitter Alcohol Sparkling flash profil
An example: MFA results Dimension Eigenvalue % Variance Cumulated % Variance 1 3.5936 37.75 37.75 2 2.6796 28.15 65.89 3 2.1298 22.37 88.26 4 1.1176 11.74 100.00 flash profil
An example: MFA results -3.0 -1.5 1.5 3.0 -4 -2 2 4 Factor 1 - 37.75 % Factor 2 - 28.15 % Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao flash profil
An example: MFA results flash profil
An example: MFA results -3.0 -1.5 1.5 3.0 -4 -2 2 4 Factor 1 - 37.75 % Factor 2 - 28.15 % Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Carlsberg Tsingtao flash profil
An example: MFA results Factor 2 - 28.15 % J1 J5 4 Tsingtao J2 J4 J3 2 J6 J6 J4 J3 Page 24 J6 J1 J2 J3 -2 J4 J5 Carlsberg J1 -4 J5 J2 -3.0 -1.5 1.5 3.0 Factor 1 - 37.75 % flash profil
An example: MFA results Factor 2 - 30.14 % sweet2 0.8 sparking2 malt2 alcohol3 malt4 amère3 hop5 alcohol4 0.4 sucre5 strong taste 2 persistance1 fruity4 sweet1 -0.4 hop4 alcohol5 phenol1 bitter2 Intensity taste 5 malt5 bitter5 malt1 fruity1 -0.8 bitter4 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 0.8 Factor1 - 36.48 % flash profil
An example: MFA results flash profil
An example: MFA results Factor 2 - 30.14 % sweet2 0.8 sparking2 malt2 alcohol3 malt4 amère3 hop5 alcohol4 0.4 sweet5 strong taste 2 persistance1 fruity4 sweet1 -0.4 hop4 alcohol5 phenol1 bitter2 taste intensity 5 malt5 bitter5 malt1 fruity1 -0.8 bitter4 -0.8 -0.4 0.4 0.8 Factor 1 - 36.48 % flash profil
An example: MFA results -3.0 -1.5 1.5 3.0 Factor 1 - 36.48 % Factor 3 - 20.28 % Sapporo Casablanca Page 24 Tsingtao J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 flash profil
An example: MFA results -0.8 -0.4 0.4 0.8 Factor 1 - 36.48 % Factor 3 - 20.28 % fruité1 malt1 phenol1 persistance1 sweet1 Strong tastet2 sweet2 bitter2 malt2 sparkling2 bitter3 alcohol3 fruity4 malt4 amer4 alcohol4 hop4 Intensity taste5 hop5 malt5 bitter5 alcohol5 sweet5 flash profil
An example: MFA results Factor 2 - 30.14 % 1.00 J2 0.75 J4 J5 J1 0.50 J3 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Factor 1 - 36.48 % flash profil
An example: MFA results Factor 3 - 20.28 % 1.00 0.75 J2 J5 0.50 J1 J4 0.25 J3 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 Factor 1 - 36.48 % flash profil
An example: MFA results RV coefficients between assessors | 1 2 3 4 5 MFA ----+------------------------------------------ 1 | 1.000 2 | 0.522 1.000 3 | 0.277 0.201 1.000 4 | 0.722 0.633 0.583 1.000 5 | 0.792 0.645 0.239 0.412 1.000 MFA | 0.861 0.784 0.569 0.859 0.805 1.000 flash profil
Some references Dairou, V., and Sieffermann, J.-M. (2002). A comparison of 14 jams characterized by Conventional Profile and a quick original method, the Flash Profile. Journal of Food Science, 67(2), 826-834. Delarue, J., and Sieffermann, J.-M. (2004). Sensory mapping using Flash profile. Comparison with a conventional descriptive method for the evaluation of the flavour of fruit dairy products. Food Quality and Preference, 15(4), 383-392. L. Perrin, F. Jourjon, R. Symoneaux, C. Asselin & J. Pagès (2006) Comparaison de deux profils libres de vins réalisés par des professionnels et un profil conventionnel; 9èmes Journées Européennes Agro-Industrie et Méthodes Statistiques Montpellier, France – 25-27 janvier 2006 flash profil