MIP Extensions: FMIP & HMIP Mobile IP Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4) Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) MIP Extensions: FMIP & HMIP Proxy MIP (PMIP)

Mobile IP and its Variants Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4) MIPv4 Low-Latency Handover for MIPv4 (FMIPv4) Regional Registration for MIPv4 (HMIPv4) Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) MIPv6 Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6) Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) CNP

IETF RFCs MIP MIPv4: RFC 3344 (2002) MIPv6: RFC 3775 (2004) FMIP (Fast Handover for MIP FMIPv6: RFC 4068 (2005) Fast Handovers for Mobile IPv6 FMIPv4: RFC 4881 (2007) Low-Latency Handoffs in Mobile IPv4 HMIP (Hierarchical MIP) HMIPv6: RFC 4140 (2005) Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 HMIPv4: RFC 4857 (2007) Mobile IPv4 Regional Registration CNP

MIPv4: Overview MIPv4 Nodes MN (Mobile Node): Host CN (Correspondent Node): Host HA (Home Agent): Router FA (Foreign Agent): Router MIPv4 Address HoA (Home Address): MN CoA (Care-of-Address): FA CNP

Home Address (HoA) and Care-of Address (CoA) CNP

The home address is permanent; Note: The home address is permanent; the care-of address changes as the mobile host moves from one network to another. CNP

MIPv4 Agents Home Agent (HA) & Foreign Agent (FA) CNP

Protocols Operation Agent Discovery Registration Data Transfer CNP

MIPv4: Control Operations Agent Discovery MN  FA (CoA) ICMP Agent Solicitation & Advertisement Registration to HA (via FA) MN  FA  HA Over UDP (destination port 434) Data Tunneling CN => HA (HoA) => FA (CoA) => MN IP-in-IP Tunneling, .. CNP

MIPv4: Control & Data Flows CNP

Agent advertisement MIP does not use a new packet type for agent advertisement; it uses the router advertisement packet of ICMP, and appends an agent advertisement message. CNP

Mobile IP does not use a new packet type for agent solicitation; it uses the router solicitation packet of ICMP. CNP

Registration request and reply CNP

Note: A registration request or reply is sent by UDP using the well-known port 434. CNP

Registration request format CNP

Registration reply format CNP

Data transfer CNP

The movement of the mobile host the rest of the Internet. Key Objective of MIP The movement of the mobile host is transparent to the rest of the Internet. CNP

Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) MIPv6 = MIPv4 + IPv6 Major Differences from MIPv4 FA in MN No FA for MIPv6 CoA: IP address of MN By DHCPv6 or IPv6 Stateless Auto-Configuration Route Optimization To solve the “Triangular Routing” Problem Provided by default MN  CN CNP

MIP: Triangular Routing Problem CNP

MIPv6: Route Optimization CNP

MIPv6: Binding Update Binding Update to HA Using IPSEC: MN and HA have a security association AH (Authentication Header) ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Binding Update to CN Return Routability (RR) procedure For Security Binding Update (BU) procedure Route Optimization CNP

MIPv6: Binding Update CNP

MIPv6: RR (Return Routability) CNP

MIPv6: Changes to IPv6 New IPv6 Protocol (Header) Mobility Header: a new IPv6 extension header To carry MIPv6 Binding Update messages How is in the MIPv4 ? New Option in Destination Option Header Home Address Option New Type in Routing Header Type 2 Routing Header New ICMP Messages ICMP HA Address Discovery Request/Reply ICMP Mobile Prefix Solicitation/ Advertisement CNP

MIPv6: IPv6 Header CNP

MIPv6: Mobility Header A New Extension Header of IPv6 Messages for Return Routability Home Test Init Message Care-of Test Init Message Home Test Message Care-of Test Message Messages for Binding Update Binding Update Message Binding Acknowledgement Message Binding Error Message Binding Refresh Request Message CNP

MIP Extensions Mobile IPv4 (MIPv4) Low-Latency Handover for MIPv4 (FMIPv4) Regional Registration for MIPv4 (HMIPv4) Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) Fast Handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6) Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) CNP

FMIPv6: Fast Handover for MIPv6 CN PAR NAR signaling signaling MN CNP

FMIPv6: Operations Handover Initiation L2 Triggers, RtSolPr, PrRtAdv Between MN and AR Tunnel Establishment HI (Handover Initiate) and HACK Between PAR and NAR Packet Forwarding PAR => NAR (data buffering at NAR) FBU, FBack NAR => MN: FNA (Fast NA) CNP

FMIPv6: Operational Flows CNP

HMIPv6: Overview Motivations Localized (Regional) Mobility Management Hierarchical MIP: MN  HA HMIP: MN  MAP  HA MAP: Mobility Anchor Point IP Address (CoA) RCoA (Regional CoA): in the MAP region LCoA (On-Link CoA): in the AR region CNP

HMIPv6: Architecture HA CN MAP AR2 AR1 MN RCoA Movement LCoA_2 LCoA_1 CNP

HMIPv6: Operations MN When entering an AR region in the MAP domain, it gets LCoA (AR region) and RCoA (MAP region) RCoA does not change in the MAP domain Local Binding Update (LBU) to MAP Bind LCoA & RCoA to MAP MAP (Acting as a local HA) Only the RCoA need to be registered with CN/HA Relay all packets between MN and HA/CN CNP

HMIPv6: MAP Tunnel (MAP  MN) HA CN MAP AR2 AR1 MN Outer header Inner header LCoA MAP RCoA CN Home Addr CNP

MIP in Real World: 3GPP2 (CDMA) CNP

MIP in 3GPP2 CNP

“Network-based” Localized Mobility Management Proxy MIPv6 (PMIPv6) “Network-based” Localized Mobility Management

Why Network-based? Host-based MIPv4/v6 has not been yet deployed that much. Why host-based MIP is not deployed yet? Too heavy specification for a small terminal RFC 3344 (MIPv4): 99 pages RFC 3775 (MIPv6): 165 pages Battery problem Waste of air resource No Stable MIPv4/v6 stack executed in Microsoft Windows OS CNP

PMIPv6 IETF NETLMM WG Internet Draft “Proxy Mobile IPv6,” draft-ietf-netlmm-proxymip6-00.txt (2007) GOAL This protocol is for providing mobility support to any IPv6 host within a restricted and topologically localized portion of the network and without requiring the host to participate in any mobility related signaling. CNP

Network-based Mobility Technical Background Host-based vs. Network-based Mobility HA HA Route Update Route Update AR AR Movement Movement Network-based Mobility Host-based Mobility CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Overview LMA MAG1 MAG2 LMA: Localized Mobility Agent MAG: Mobile Access Gateway IP Tunnel A IPinIP tunnel LMA and MAG. LMA Home Network MN’s Home Network (Topological Anchor Point) MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:1:/64 MAG1 Host A LMA Address (LMAA) That will be the tunnel entry-point. LMM (Localized Mobility Management) Domain MAG2 MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CAFE:2:/64 Proxy Binding Update (PBU) Control message sent out by MAG to LMA to register its correct location Host B MN Home Address (MN-HoA) MN continues to use it as long as it roams within a same domain Proxy Care of Address (Proxy-CoA) The address of MAG. That will be the tunnel end-point. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Overview No host stack change for IP mobility Avoiding tunneling overhead over the air Re-use of Mobile IPv6 PMIPv6 is based on Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775] Only supports Per-MN-Prefix model Unique home network prefix assigned for each MN. The prefix follows the MN. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Overview Overall Procedures MN moves and attaches to an access router After authentication, MAG (access router) identifies MN MAG obtains MN’s profile containing the Home Address ..etc MAG sends the Proxy Binding Update to LMA on behalf of MN MAG receives the Proxy Binding Ack. from LMA MAG sends Router Advertisements containing MN’s home network prefix Stateless Case: MN will still configure (or maintain) the same as its home address. Stateful Case: the network will ensure that it always gets its home address. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Overview CNP Tunnel Setup In case that profile store does not have MN Home Prefix MAG emulates the MN’s home link Tunnel Setup This can be omitted when stateless configuration is used. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Proxy Registration LMA needs to understand the Proxy Registration. Proxy Binding Update Proxy Binding Acknowledgement CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Tunnel Management LMA-MAG tunnel is a shared tunnel among many MNs. 1:1 relation  m:1 relation One tunnel is associated to multiple MNs’ Binding Caches. Life-time of a tunnel should not be dependent on the life time of any single BCE. LMA’s Prefix-based Routing LMA will add prefix routes to MN’s home network prefix over the tunnel. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 MAG Operation It emulates the home link for each MN. After the access authentication, MAG will obtain MN’s profile which contains: MN’s home address MN’s home network prefix LMA address ..etc. It establishes a IPv6/IPv6 tunnel with the LMA. All the packets from MN are reverse tunneled to its LMA All the packets from the tunnel are routed to MN. Router Advertisement should be UNICASTed to an MN It will contain MN’s Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP) CNP

Proxy MIPv6 MN Operation Any MN is just a IPv6 host with its protocol operation consistent with the base IPv6 specification. All aspects of Neighbor Discovery Protocol will not change. When MN attaches to a new AR, it receives a Router Advertisement message from the AR with its home prefix. Throughout the PMIP domain, MN using DHCP procedure or in stateless address configuration mode, will obtain the same home address. CNP

Proxy MIPv6 Data Transport LMA-MAG Tunneling/Reverse Tunneling MN MAG CN MN sends a packet to CN MAG forwards to LMA LMA sends to CN CN sends packet to MN LMA forwards to MAG MAG sends to MN IPv6 header (src=MAG_ADDR, dst=LMA_ADDR) IPv6 header (src=MN_ADDR, dst=CN_ADDR) Payload IPv6 header (src=LMA_ADDR, dst=MAG_ADDR) IPv6 header (src=CN_ADDR, dst=MN_ADDR) Paylaod CNP