Prof. Kristofer S.J. Pister’s team Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center University of California, Berkeley

Part VI Integration into the Internet Dr. Thomas Watteyne

3 Goal Integrate your sensor network with the Internet, so that: – Every mote is “just another host” on the Internet; – You can interact with your sensor network from any computer on the Internet. wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

4 Outline How do I build a bridge between my sensor network and the Internet? How can my laptop interact with an IPv6- ready WSN? wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

5 Outline How do I build a bridge between my sensor network and the Internet? How can my laptop interact with an IPv6- ready WSN? wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

6 Bridging Internet and motes Low-power Border Router is connected to: – the Internet (e.g. Ethernet) – a mote Mote appears like a layer 2 interface: – Configure mote’s IPv6 address – Activate IP forwarding – Bridging happens at layer 3 HTTP, XML, OpenADR TCP, UDP IPv6 EthernetIEEE e CAT5 twisted pairIEEE

7 Bridging Internet and motes If mote does not appear like a layer 2 interface (e.g. serial port): – software interface – “tun” in Linux (Kernel 2.6+) – your program sits under the IPv6 layer – It can forward packets over a serial port to the mote HTTP, XML, OpenADR TCP, UDP IPv6 Ethernet openlbr.py CAT5 twisted pair less constrained than mote: coordinator/scheduler 6LoWPAN compression RPL source routing tables demultiplex data and debug: e.g. OpenProbe

8 Acquiring an IPv6 Prefix ip tunnel add opentunnel_1 mode sit remote local ttl 255 ip link set opentunnel_1 up ip addr add 2001:470:1f04:dff::2/64 dev opentunnel_1 ip route add ::/0 dev opentunnel_1

9 Distributing IPv6 Prefix to motes Neighbor Discovery – RFC2461 (6LoWPAN-ND-11 draft, to some extent) Router Solicitation (ICMPv6 type 133) Router Advertisement (ICMPv6 type 134) Neighbor Solicitation (ICMPv6 type 135) Neighbor Advertisement (ICMPv6 type 136) Redirect Message (ICMPv6 type 137) Router Advertisement Options – Can contain 6LoPWAN IPHC-07 contexts – Can contain Prefix information Which can be used for Stateless Address Auto-configuration is bit “A” is set RADVD is the Linux tool to send Router Advertisements – apt-get install radvd – create /etc/radvd.conf – /etc/init.d/radvd start interface tun0 { AdvSendAdvert on; MinRtrAdvInterval 10; MaxRtrAdvInterval 20; prefix 2001:470:1f05:dff::/64 { AdvOnLink off; AdvAutonomous on; AdvRouterAddr on; };

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12 The OpenWSN topology

13 Outline How do I build a bridge between my sensor network and the Internet? How can my laptop interact with an IPv6- ready WSN? wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

14 IPv6 adoption 7.1% of Internet’s Automonous Systems (AS) run IPv6 In reality, we are very far from a switch from IPv4 to IPv6 Elegant cohabitation techniques between IPv4 and IPv6 are important: – All major Operating Systems now support both IPv4 and IPv6 – Tunnel brokers allow access to the IPv6 cloud through IPv6 in IPv4 tunneling wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

15 Dual Stack

16 Interacting with your IPv6-ready WSN 1.Point-to-point connectivity 2.IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling 3.Native IPv6 4.IPv6-to-IPv4 proxying

17 Interacting with your IPv6-ready WSN 1. point-to-point connectivity 2. IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling 3. Native IPv6 4. IPv6-to-IPv4 proxying

18 1. Point-to-Point Connectivity serial 10’s meters indoors no infrastructure required you need extra hardware you need to be really close

19 2. IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling IPv6 IPv4 you establish a tunnel tunnel server (Hurricane Electric) transparent for your application you need to set up the tunnel wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu

20 IPv6-in-IPv4 “tunneling” – Needed when you live in IPv4-only world – Your computer creates an IPv6 packet – It puts IPv6 packet in IPv4 packet (tunneling) – It sends it to a specific tunnel server – Tunnel server lives in both IPv4 and IPv6 worlds – Tunnel server de-capsulates your packets and sends your IPv6 packet into the IPv6 world – Traffic routed to your IPv6 address is routed to the same tunnel server Hurricane Electric operates IPv6-in- IPv4 tunneling services IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling netsh interface ipv6 add v6v4tunnel opentunnel_ netsh interface ipv6 add address opentunnel_4 2001:470:1f04:e0d::2 netsh interface ipv6 add route ::/0 opentunnel_4 2001:470:1f04:e0d::1 C:\Users\Thomas>ipconfig Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : EECS.Berkeley.EDU Link-local IPv6 Address..... : fe80::a5fe:c55f:f05e:e299%10 IPv4 Address : Subnet Mask : Default Gateway : Tunnel adapter opentunnel_4: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : EECS.Berkeley.EDU IPv6 Address : 2001:470:1f04:e0d::2 Link-local IPv6 Address..... : fe80::ac5c:c4b1:4321:f358%32 Default Gateway : 2001:470:1f04:e0d::1

21 IPv6-in-IPv4 tunneling [3/3]

22 IPv4 3. Native IPv6 IPv6 tunnel server (Hurricane Electric) your router establishes the tunnel (workshop configuration) the easiest solution for you the hardest solution for your network admin

23 IPv4 4. IPv6-to-IPv4 proxying IPv6 Proxy server you do not need an IPv46address no firewall issues not transparent for the software if you want to add traffic type, you need to update the proxy

Prof. Kristofer S.J. Pister’s team Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center University of California, Berkeley