Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Preview Multiple Choice Short Response Extended Response

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2. Two blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 are placed in contact with each other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m 1 is on the left of block m 2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to m What is the acceleration of the two blocks? A. C. B.D.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2. Two blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 are placed in contact with each other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m 1 is on the left of block m 2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to m What is the acceleration of the two blocks? A. C. B.D.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2. Two blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 are placed in contact with each other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m 1 is on the left of block m 2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to m What is the horizontal force acting on m 2 ? F. m 1 a G. m 2 a H. (m 1 + m 2 )a J. m 1 m 2 a

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 1–2. Two blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 are placed in contact with each other on a smooth, horizontal surface. Block m 1 is on the left of block m 2. A constant horizontal force F to the right is applied to m What is the horizontal force acting on m 2 ? F. m 1 a G. m 2 a H. (m 1 + m 2 )a J. m 1 m 2 a

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 3. A crate is pulled to the right with a force of 82.0 N, to the left with a force of 115 N, upward with a force of 565 N, and downward with a force of 236 N. Find the magnitude and direction of the net force on the crate. A N at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis B N at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis C x 10 2 at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis D x 10 2 at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 3. A crate is pulled to the right with a force of 82.0 N, to the left with a force of 115 N, upward with a force of 565 N, and downward with a force of 236 N. Find the magnitude and direction of the net force on the crate. A N at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis B N at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis C x 10 2 at 96° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis D x 10 2 at 6° counterclockwise from the positive x-axis

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 4. A ball with a mass of m is thrown into the air, as shown in the figure below. What is the force exerted on Earth by the ball? A. m ball g directed down B. m ball g directed up C. m earth g directed down D. m earth g directed up

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 4. A ball with a mass of m is thrown into the air, as shown in the figure below. What is the force exerted on Earth by the ball? A. m ball g directed down B. m ball g directed up C. m earth g directed down D. m earth g directed up

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 5. A freight train has a mass of 1.5 x 10 7 kg. If the locomotive can exert a constant pull of 7.5 x 10 5 N, how long would it take to increase the speed of the train from rest to 85 km/h? (Disregard friction.) A. 4.7 x 10 2 s B. 4.7s C. 5.0 x s D. 5.0 x 10 4 s

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 5. A freight train has a mass of 1.5 x 10 7 kg. If the locomotive can exert a constant pull of 7.5 x 10 5 N, how long would it take to increase the speed of the train from rest to 85 km/h? (Disregard friction.) A. 4.7 x 10 2 s B. 4.7s C. 5.0 x s D. 5.0 x 10 4 s

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7. A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids to a stop through a displacement  x. 6. If the truck’s mass doubles, find the truck’s skidding distance in terms of  x. (Hint: Increasing the mass increases the normal force.) A.  x/4 B.  x C. 2  x D. 4  x

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7. A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids to a stop through a displacement  x. 6. If the truck’s mass doubles, find the truck’s skidding distance in terms of  x. (Hint: Increasing the mass increases the normal force.) A.  x/4 B.  x C. 2  x D. 4  x

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7. A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids to a stop through a displacement  x. 7. If the truck’s initial velocity were halved, what would be the truck’s skidding distance? A.  x/4 B.  x C. 2  x D. 4  x

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued Use the passage below to answer questions 6–7. A truck driver slams on the brakes and skids to a stop through a displacement  x. 7. If the truck’s initial velocity were halved, what would be the truck’s skidding distance? A.  x/4 B.  x C. 2  x D. 4  x

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 8. What is the relationship between the forces at point A? F.F s =F applied G.F k =F applied H.F s <F applied I.F k >F applied Use the graph at right to answer questions 8–9. The graph shows the relationship between the applied force and the force of friction.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 8. What is the relationship between the forces at point A? F.F s =F applied G.F k =F applied H.F s <F applied I.F k >F applied Use the graph at right to answer questions 8–9. The graph shows the relationship between the applied force and the force of friction.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 9. What is the relationship between the forces at point B? A.F s, max =F k B.F k > F s, max C.F k >F applied D.F k <F applied Use the graph at right to answer questions 8–9. The graph shows the relationship between the applied force and the force of friction.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Multiple Choice, continued 9. What is the relationship between the forces at point B? A.F s, max =F k B.F k > F s, max C.F k >F applied D.F k <F applied Use the graph at right to answer questions 8–9. The graph shows the relationship between the applied force and the force of friction.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Short Response Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 10.How long does the ball take to hit the ground?

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Short Response Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 10.How long does the ball take to hit the ground? Answer: 6.00 s

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Short Response, continued Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 11. How far from the building does the ball hit the ground?

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 11. How far from the building does the ball hit the ground? Answer: 72.0 m Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 12. When the ball hits the ground, what is its speed? Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 10–12 on the information below. A 3.00 kg ball is dropped from rest from the roof of a building m high.While the ball is falling, a horizontal wind exerts a constant force of 12.0 N on the ball. 12. When the ball hits the ground, what is its speed? Answer: 63.6 m/s Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 13. Starting at rest, the truck accelerates to the right. Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Short Response, continued Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 13. Starting at rest, the truck accelerates to the right. Answer: at rest, moves to the left, hits back wall

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Short Response, continued Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 14. The crate is at rest relative to the truck while the truck moves with a constant velocity to the right.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 14. The crate is at rest relative to the truck while the truck moves with a constant velocity to the right. Answer: moves to the right, at rest, neither Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 15. The truck in item 14 slows down. Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Base your answers to questions 13–15 on the passage. A crate rests on the horizontal bed of a pickup truck. For each situation described below, indicate the motion of the crate relative to the ground, the motion of the crate relative to the truck, and whether the crate will hit the front wall of the truck bed, the back wall, or neither. Disregard friction. 15. The truck in item 14 slows down. Answer: moves to the right, moves to the right, hits front wall Short Response, continued

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16. A student pulls a rope attached to a 10.0 kg wooden sled and moves the sled across dry snow. The student pulls with a force of 15.0 N at an angle of 45.0º. If  k between the sled and the snow is 0.040, what is the sled’s acceleration? Show your work. Extended Response

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 16. A student pulls a rope attached to a 10.0 kg wooden sled and moves the sled across dry snow. The student pulls with a force of 15.0 N at an angle of 45.0º. If  k between the sled and the snow is 0.040, what is the sled’s acceleration? Show your work. Answer: 0.71 m/s 2 Extended Response

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Extended Response, continued 17. You can keep a 3 kg book from dropping by pushing it horizontally against a wall. Draw force diagrams, and identify all the forces involved. How do they combine to result in a zero net force? Will the force you must supply to hold the book up be different for different types of walls? Design a series of experiments to test your answer. Identify exactly which measurements will be necessary and what equipment you will need.

Standardized Test Prep © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 17. You can keep a 3 kg book from dropping by pushing it horizontally against a wall. Draw force diagrams, and identify all the forces involved. How do they combine to result in a zero net force? Will the force you must supply to hold the book up be different for different types of walls? Design a series of experiments to test your answer. Identify exactly which measurements will be necessary and what equipment you will need. Answer: Plans should involve measuring forces such as weight, applied force, normal force, and friction. Extended Response, continued