THE MOLE... a unit of counting

Review How many oxygen atoms in the following? CaCO 3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 How many ions in the following? CaCl 2 NaOH Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 3 atoms of oxygen x x atoms of oxygen x x total ions x x total ions x x total ions x x 10 23

Finding Number of Atoms or Molecules How many atoms of copper are there in 2.0 moles? N = nN A Given: n Cu = 2.0 mol N A = 6.02 X N = nN A = 2.0 mol X 6.02 X atoms 1 mol = 1.2 X10 24 atoms of copper

Do you know how to measure out 3 moles of sugar or salt or water? –The mole is a counting unit, so we would have to count out 6.02x10 23 particles of each substance. (no thank you) There are 2 ways we can use to measure out a number of moles of a substance. –Measure it in grams (a mass) –Or measure it in liters (a volume) Do you know how to measure out 3 moles of sugar or salt or water? –The mole is a counting unit, so we would have to count out 6.02x10 23 particles of each substance. (no thank you) There are 2 ways we can use to measure out a number of moles of a substance. –Measure it in grams (a mass) –Or measure it in liters (a volume) How we measure moles…

Using a formula N = Number of particles, ions, atoms, molecules or formula units N A = Avogadros number n = number of moles n = N / N A N = n x N A Note on calculator  x 10 is the same as EXP or EE. DO NOT use them both On calculator use  EXP 23 N NANA n

Mole Calculations MM m n MM = m/n n = m/MM m = MMn Factor Label! Let the units guide you N = nN A n = N/N A

Determining Molar Mass The mass of one mole is called “molar mass” E.g. 1 mol Li = 6.94 g Li  This is expressed as 6.94 g/mol  Symbol  MM What is the molar mass of CO 2 ? Recall: Add the individual molar masses MM (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 = 3(N + 4H) + P + 4O = 3N + 12H + P + 4O = 3(14.01) + 12(1.01) (16.00) = g/mol

 The same as:  Gram Molecular Mass (for molecules)  Gram Formula Mass (ionic compounds)  Gram Atomic Mass (for elements)  molar mass is just a much broader term than these other specific masses

Converting Mass to Moles Example: How many moles of calcium carbonate are there in 1.5 kg? MM = m/n n = m/M m = Mn Given: m CaCO 3 = 1500 g MM = (3 X 16.00) = g/mol n = m/MM = 1500 g  g/mol = 15 mol n = 1500 g X 1 mol g = 15 mol

Converting Moles to Mass Example: What is the mass in grams of mol of sodium sulfate? MM = m/n n = m/M m = Mn Given: n Na 2 SO 4 = mol MM = (2 X 22.99) (4 X 16.00) = g/mol m = MMn = g X mol 1 mol = 49.1 g

Try These:  How much would 2.34 moles of carbon weigh?  How many moles of magnesium is g of Mg? 28.1 grams C mol Mg

How many sugar (sucrose, C 12 H 22 O 11 ) molecules are there in a 1.00 kg bag? Given: m = 1.00 X 10 3 g MM = (12 X 12.01) + (22 X 1.01) + (11 X 16.00) = g/mol n = 1.00 X 10 3 g X 1 mol g = mol N = nN A = mol X 6.02 X molecules 1 mol = 1.76 X10 24 molecules of sugar

How many carbon atoms are there in a 1.00 kg bag of sugar (sucrose, C 12 H 22 O 11 ) ? N = 1.76 X molecules of sugar X 12 carbon atoms 1 molecule sugar = 2.11 X carbon atoms

Moles (mol) Mass (g) # of molecules/ atoms/ions Volume (L) at STP (0˚C, kpa) Concentration (mol/L)    6.02 X g/mol 22.4 Vol

Learning check 1. How many atoms of Cu are present in 35.4 g of Cu? 2. How many atoms of K are present in 78.4 g of K? 3. What is the mass of 1.20 x molecules of glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 )? = 3.35 X atoms Cu = 1.21 X atoms K = 359 g

Learning Check! How many atoms of O are present in 78.1 g of oxygen? 78.1 g O 2 1 mol O X molecules O 2 2 atoms O 32.0 g O 2 1 mol O 2 1 molecule O 2

Measuring volume MOLAR VOLUME, Vm Volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas 22.4 L at STP ( standard temperature and pressure ) at 0°C and 1 atmosphere/ 103kPa (kilopascals) 24.8 L at SATP Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure ( 20 o C and 1 atmosphere )

Particles to moles or moles to particles Mass to moles or moles to mass Volume to moles and moles to volume V = n x Vm

HOMEWORK Finish Grams-Mole Worksheet Mole Worksheet – Due Tuesday, April 9th