Holy Cross School 7th Grade Biology Wong #7 Earthworms Holy Cross School 7th Grade Biology Wong

External Anatomy Anterior -the front end of a worm is the thicker and fleshier part of the body. Posterior- the thinner back end http://www.pgjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/science/whitaker/Animal_Kingdom/Earthworm/Earthworm.html

External Anatomy continued Ventral side- the bottom side of the worm. It is usually lighter color than the top in living worms. Dorsal side- the top side of the worm. http://www.pgjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/science/whitaker/Animal_Kingdom/Earthworm/Earthworm.html

External Anatomy continued Clitellm is about 1/3 back from the anterior of the worm. It is thick and cylindrical. (1) Setae are bristles on the ventral side of the worm. These hair-like structures help the worm move and sense its environment. http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BIOG101_104/tutorials/animals/worm_stuff/worm_dorsal.html

External Anatomy continued Segments are little raised sections that look like rings around the earthworm’s body. The grooves between each segment are called septum. http://www.pgjr.alpine.k12.ut.us/science/whitaker/Animal_Kingdom/Earthworm/Earthworm.html

Next Up...Internal Anatomy…

Earthworms are invertebrates- they have no backbone.

Get ready now…. We are going to look inside the earthworm…

Circulatory System Dorsal blood vessel Is the main vessel of the system and is on top of the digestive track. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Circulatory System Ventral blood vessel Is on the opposite side of the dorsal vessel, below the digestive track. The two vessels cross over at the digestive tract. Earthworms have five pairs of “hearts” the pump and exchange blood. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Digestive System

Digestive System Earthworms are not picky eaters. They will eat anything from decay plants to animals. Mouth is located at the anterior end. Pharynx is a muscle that provides worms with a suction to pull food in its mouth. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Digestive System continued… From there the food travels down the tube like structure called an esophagus. People have an esophagus as well. The food is temporary stored in a part of the body called the crop. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Digestive System continued… The food is move from the crop into the gizzard. This is where food is ground up by strong muscle contractions. Food is next moved in the intestine for absorption. Material that is not absorbed is pass out through the anus on the anterior end. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Reproductive System Earthworms are hermaphrodites. This means they male and female reproductive organs. Even though they have both male and female organs, they reproduce through cross-fertilization. http://www.flushing.k12.mi.us/srhigh/tippettl/biology/lum/

Nervous System Ventral nerve cord is the major component of the nervous system. It runs the entire length of the worm on the ventral side. (2) http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BIOG101_104/tutorials/animals/worm_stuff/worm_dorsal.html

Nervous System continued… The brain is located at the anterior end of the worm and is connected to the ventral nerve cord. (9) http://biog-101-104.bio.cornell.edu/BIOG101_104/tutorials/animals/worm_stuff/worm_dorsal.html