Class Overview Alcohol/Tobacco/Other Drugs Decision Making Communicable/Non-Communicable Diseases First Aid / Accident Prevention Human Growth and Development Body Systems Muscular Nervous Endocrine Reproductive System

Mr. Gerlach’s 7th Grade Health Education The Muscular System Mr. Gerlach’s 7th Grade Health Education

The Muscular System Defn: Is a tough group of tissues that make your body parts move. Fact: You have over 650 major muscles in the body and they work the same way. Over 50 of those muscles are in your face alone. It takes 17 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown. The strongest muscle in your body is the masseter muscle, located on each side of the mouth. Your most active muscles are those in your eyes. They move more than 100,000 times a day.

Muscles Work in Pairs They work in Pairs either contracting (shortening) or extending (lengthening). Ex. Bicep contracts while Triceps extend

Views of the Body Anterior View Posterior View

Three Types of Muscle Smooth Muscles: Are found in various organs in the body, such as the stomach and the intestines. You have no control over these muscles.

Three Types of Muscle Skeletal Muscle: These muscles are attached to a bone, which allows the skeleton to move. For example you can make your arms and legs move whenever you want to.

Three Types of Muscles Cardiac Muscle: Only found in the walls of the heart. Cardiac muscles are constantly contracting and relaxing, pumping blood to all parts of the body.

Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue Skeletal muscle tissue, usually found attached to the skeleton, consists of long, straight multinucleated cells with bands, or “striations.” Skeletal muscle is under voluntary, conscious control. Smooth muscle tissue is made of spindle-shaped cells containing a single nucleus. Smooth muscle surrounds hollow internal structures, including the stomach, intestines, arteries and veins. Because of the diagonal arrangement of parallel filaments of actin and myosin proteins, smooth muscle has a greater capacity than other muscle types to be stretched while retaining the ability to contract. Both smooth and cardiac muscle are considered involuntary since they generally are not under our conscious control. Cardiac muscle tissue is found only in the heart and has several attributes in common with both skeletal and smooth muscle. It has striations or banding like skeletal muscle but is under involuntary control like smooth muscle. References: Raven, P.H. & Johnson, G.B. (2002). Biology, (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Image References: LifeART. (1998). Super Anatomy Collection 1-9. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, All rights reserved.

Three Types of Muscles

Types of Muscle Movement Involuntary – You cannot control Smooth Muscle Voluntary- You Control Striated Muscle

Human Muscular System Diagram Deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps brachi Gluteus maximus Rectus femoris Gastrocnemius Human Muscular System There are more than 600 voluntary muscles in the body, the strongest of which are the skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles account for approximately 23% of a woman’s weight and approximately 40% of a man’s. Muscles work together to accomplish even simple movements. References: Clark, J.O.E. (Ed.). (1989). A Visual Guide to the Human Body. Barnes & Noble Books. Raven, P.H., & Johnson, G.B. (2002). Biology, (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill. Image References: LifeART. (1998). Super Anatomy Collection 1-9. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, All rights reserved.

Parts of the Muscular System

Parts of the Muscular System Trapezius Muscle

Parts of the Muscular System Latisimus Dorsi Muscle

Parts of the Muscular System Bicep & Tricep

Parts of the Muscular System Gluteus Maximus Muscle

Parts of the Muscular System Hamstring

The Three Hamstring Muscle Semitendinosus Muscle Semimembranosus Muscle Bicep Femoris Muscle

Calf Muscles Gastrocnemius & Soleus Muscle

Achilles Tendon

Extensor Muscles

Flexor Muscles

Major Pectoral

Abdominal Muscles Abdominal Muscles Internal Obliques External Obliques

The Quadriceps

Anterior Tibialis

Parts of the Muscular System Latissimus Dorsi Deltoid Trapezius Extensors Triceps Gluteals Hamstring Achille’s Tendon Soleus Gastrocnemius

The Muscular System Major Pectoral Biceps Flexors Sartorius Quadriceps Abdominals

Problems of The Muscular System Pulled or Torn Muscle Treatment: Medical Help Strain: Soreness due to overwork Treatment: Rest, ice or heat

Problems of The Muscular System Tendonitis: Stretched or torn tendon. Treatment: Rest and ice to possible surgery Cramp: Muscle unable to relax; feels tight and sore Treatment: Message / Drink fluids

Problems of The Muscular System Muscular Dystrophy: Weakening of the skeletal muscles, eventually inability to walk or stand. Treatment: No Cure

The Skeletal / Muscular System Test Questions Latissimus Dorsi Deltoid Trapezius Extensors Triceps Gluteals Hamstring Achille’s Tendon Soleus Gastrocnemius Major Pectoral Biceps Flexors Sartorius Quadriceps Abdominals