Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Overall Brief is Human Terrain System "No terrain is more important than the Human Terrain.“ GEN Allen, CDR ISAF 2 MAY12

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Human Terrain System 2 Origin/Problem Solution Current efforts Path Forward Potential for working together

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Human Terrain System 3

UNCLASSIFIED Specific Capability Gaps Insufficient understanding of target area culture & its impact on operational decisions; insufficient or ineffective transfer of knowledge to follow-on units Limited Joint, Service, or Interagency capability (organization, methods, and tools) to conduct research, visualize, understand, and explain human terrain (local population) BCTs, RCTs, and Div-level HQs lacked operationally relevant human terrain knowledge base & social science staff experts necessary to optimize MDMP Commanders limited by lack of a Joint, Service, and Interagency integrated capability (people, organization, methods, tools) to effectively gather/consolidate, analyze, visualize, understand, database, and share socio-cultural information. “US Forces continue to operate in Afghanistan lacking the required resident and reach-back socio-cultural expertise, understanding, and advanced automated tools to conduct in-depth collection / consolidation, visualization, and analysis of the operationally-relevant socio-cultural factors of the battle space.” AF JUONS (unclass) “Human terrain knowledge deficiencies exist at all command echelons…detailed knowledge of host populations is critical in areas where US forces are being increased to conduct counterinsurgency and stability operations in Iraq. US forces continue to operate in Iraq without real-time knowledge of the drivers of the behavior within the host population. This greatly limits Commanders’ situational awareness and creates greater risks for forces.” IZ JUONS (unclass) 4 HTS answering Joint Need

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Human Terrain System Mission 5 HTS develops, trains, and integrates a social science based research and analysis capability to support operationally relevant decision- making, to develop a knowledge base, and to enable sociocultural understanding across the operational environment. USMC International Affairs Officer Program (IAOP) Mission Identify, select, and train a corps of International Affairs Marines for future assignments on tactical, operational, and strategic-level Marine Corps staffs, Joint and Combined staffs, and for duty with interagency organizations and the Defense Attaché System in order to improve MAGTF plans, operations, security assistance, and intelligence efforts with cultural, language and regional expertise. Mission similarity: Sociocultural and cultural, language, regional expertise Embedded and Staff Support Joint, Combined, Interagency

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Enduring Capabilities: Army sociocultural research & analysis capability (FY Army Base Budget (MIP) & OCO) Recruiting unique skill sets Training: Individual and team Sociocultural Reachback Research Center Project management (capability development, lessons learned, doctrine, engagement) KM (data repositories and MAP-HT) CMIP interface; integrate, aggregate and archive team products -Gather data in respective geographic areas -Conduct sociocultural analysis to support unit operational decision making process -Aggregate and integrate HTT information & conduct further analysis HTS Admin & logistics support Research Reachback Center(RRC) Contracted indigenous, theater-wide survey capability 6 Current HTS Support to ISAF Team Research & Support Requests Admin & RRC Research Support Project Mngmt/ KM TNG Contingency Funded Capabilities: Human Terrain Analysis Team (HTAT) Social Science Research & Analysis (SSRA) UNCLASSIFIED HTS Products posted on: NIPR, SIPR, SharePoint, CENTRIX, CIDNE Human Terrain Team (HTT) Theater Coordination Element(TCE) Theater Support Office(TSO)

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED 7 Human Terrain Information and Data Unstructured Information Published reports, flat files Teams disseminate to multiple repositories Geo-referenced reports Way Ahead: Single repository posting, Human Terrain Knowledge Center. Structured Data Utilizing existing community standards for data schemas. Maintaining consistency with DCGS-A data standards. Data sets support logical build and opportunity for geospatial and temporal analysis. SIPR HTKC CIDNE TiGR INDURE BCT Portal RC-x Portal ISAF-IJC Portal CX-I HTKC NIPR HTKC Tactical Entity Database DSF COP Layers HT/CA Data Model (DCGS-A) Global Graph (DSC) Demographics Religion Language Ethnicity Transportation Economy Education Land Use Medical/Health Political/Ideological Communication/Media Significant Events Water NGA Human Geography Themes

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED INPROCESSING (5 Days) INPROCESSING (5 Days) FOUNDATIONS SKILLS (10 Days) FOUNDATIONS SKILLS (10 Days) Rsch Ops (5 Days) Rsch Ops (5 Days) INDIVIDUAL TRACK TRAINING (10 days) INDIVIDUAL TRACK TRAINING (10 days) RESEARCH OPS EXERCISE (10 days) RESEARCH OPS EXERCISE (10 days) Pre- Mobilization ( 5 Days) Pre- Mobilization ( 5 Days) 55 Training Days Foundations (10 days): mission & organization of HTS, Army organization & values, how BCT commanders and staffs see the world, process information, and make decisions, & team dynamics (including practical exercises) Research Operations (25 days): the HTS Core Competency – how to design, conduct, and report operationally relevant socio-cultural research as part of an HTS team; ethics in research. Individual Track Training (10 days): the individual skills and knowledge required by each respective position. Research Operations Exercise (10 days): students form into teams; learning, demonstrating, and being assessed on the HTT collective and individual tasks. Culture and Language (20 sessions threaded throughout): relevant culture and regional language. Foundations (10 days): mission & organization of HTS, Army organization & values, how BCT commanders and staffs see the world, process information, and make decisions, & team dynamics (including practical exercises) Research Operations (25 days): the HTS Core Competency – how to design, conduct, and report operationally relevant socio-cultural research as part of an HTS team; ethics in research. Individual Track Training (10 days): the individual skills and knowledge required by each respective position. Research Operations Exercise (10 days): students form into teams; learning, demonstrating, and being assessed on the HTT collective and individual tasks. Culture and Language (20 sessions threaded throughout): relevant culture and regional language. Culture and Language Program (20 x 2 hour sessions) DEPLOY to FPLA (9 Weeks) then to THEATER Graduation and Transition to DAC Ceremony HTS Core Curriculum Overview RESEARCH OPERATIONS (25 Days) RESEARCH OPERATIONS (25 Days) Team Dynamics and Effectiveness

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Regionally focused, modular, special staff capability –Attached on orders to and in direct support of the BCT / RCT, PRT, Division/MEF/Regional Command, & Corps/Theatre –Support Coalition Forces (Regional Command, Brigade, PRT) Team composition: –Reserve military or DA term Civilian –Positions: Team Leader, two Social Scientists, two Research Managers Once deployed, teams remain in place to mitigate unit transitions; staggered individual replacement Tour Length: Ten (10) months (can extend to 18 months) Up to two training courses per quarter (8/year) / 26 students each class HTS Teams Focus on the local population

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Who conducts our mission? Team leaders (Reserve LTC/MAJ/GG-14) 27 of 31 team leaders are DA term civilians (all have military experience) Experience level: Mid-grade to senior officers, senior NCOs; all services Social scientists (GG-12 / GG-14) Majority have not served in the military or in government positions High density social science disciplines: anthropology, Int’l conflict/Relations/Studies, psychology, communications Research Managers (GG-12) Knowledge management, collection management, requirements management Deployed team members 25% are female

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Human Terrain System Support to ISAF (pre-drawdown) RC-SW RC-W RC-N RC-E RC-S 11 X 4 Kabul HTS supported allies: X 4 Parwan HTS Teams in AFG TCE – 1 HTAT- 7 HTT - 23 FAO Opportunity?

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Afghanistan (USMC/HTS) Similarity of Mission: Two staff members providing separate input on same issues Opportunity for HTS to have Joint presence to answer Joint Need. Opportunity for FAO to support solution for a Joint Need. Opportunity to develop/share KM/IT (How does the FAO program store and share information?) HTS working AHRPO effort (Army Human Research Protection Office) Opportunity to develop/share reachback (does FAO program have a reachback effort?) Operational Feedback from previous and current HTS users Afghanistan is one deployment of what could be a larger coordination effort No cost training and deployment HTTs are on Regt Staffs- –Gives HTT Uniformed USMC presence for increased staff integration –Puts FAO into a “unit” conducting the same mission 12

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Existing Enduring Capabilities: The Army approved specific HTS enduring capabilities in the FY Army Base Budget. These capabilities include: –HTS Project Management (which includes a COCOM coordination capability) –Reachback Research –HTS Training –Knowledge Management (including MAP-HT & data repositories) TRADOC Capability –Based Assessments (CBA): –Joint Staff Battlespace Awareness Functional Capabilities Board validated that HTS is an enduring capability with applications to Phase 0 –Intelligence Warfighting Function Functional Solutions Analysis (FSA) cites HTS teams, reachback, MAP-HT, & data architecture as solutions to capability gaps –Building Partner Capacity (BPC) CBA contains multiple high priority sociocultural capability gaps; contains multiple proposed HTS capability solutions HTS Enduring Capabilities The FY 11 Army Campaign Plan assigned tasks to CG TRADOC include “operating and sustaining the deployed Human Terrain System (HTS) teams” & “institutionalizing the HTS capability” 13 FAO Reachback? KM/IT? Staff Training?

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED FY 13/14 GOAL: Enduring (POM Funded) Army Force Generation capability coupled with COCOM support ACP 2012: Army G2 Task: “As ARSTAFF lead, ICW G3/5/7, support TRADOC efforts to operate and sustain the deployed…HTS teams and to evolve the institutionalized HTS capability to address lessons learned.” HTS Proponency Options JKO Distance Learning: Research Manager curriculum modules on JKO FY 13 all curriculum modules on JKO FY 13 OEF mission transition is being coordinated. End result: 20 teams. FY 12 Pilot efforts at COCOMs. Phase 0 (Shape) HTS team support to ASCCs Path Forward

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED Cultural Knowledge ConsortiumHuman Terrain System Socio-Cultural Operational Capabilities TRADOC G2 Requirement: 2011 Consolidated Intelligence Guidance, Army Culture and Foreign Language Strategy, Army Campaign Plan 2012 Requirement: Joint Urgent Operational Needs Statements (20 deployed teams), Army Campaign Plan 2012, developing ASCC requirement

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED JIIM Civil and Socio-cultural issues have Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental and Multinational organizations with efforts that overlap. DOTMLPF Reachback capabilities Training Knowledge Management Deployed Teams

Human Terrain System UNCLASSIFIED QUESTIONS?