KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Potential of improved infrastructure standards on cross-border rail corridors Prof. Bo-Lennart Nelldal, PhD Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm (KTH)

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group 2 Content KTH Railway Group Methods Development of rail traffic in Sweden Analysing infrastructure performance Proposals

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Competition/ cooperation Profitability KTH Railway Group – Systems Approach Safety Capacity Revenues Costs

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group KTH Railway Group Organisation 4 Rail Vehicles Prof. Mats Berg Traffic and Logistics Adj. Prof. Bo-Lennart Nelldal Lightweight Structures Tekn. Dr. Per Wennhage Str. Engin.and Bridges Prof. Raid Karoumi Board TRV, KTH, Bombardier, Vectura, SL, Interfleet Director Prof. Sebastian Stichel, Rail Veh. Sound and Vibrations Tekn. Dr. Ulf Carlsson Electrical Machines Prof. Stefan Östlund Vehicle Dynamics Prof. Annika Stensson Machine Design Prof. Ulf Olofsson Railway Engineering Ass. Prof. Elias Kassa

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Optimizing wagons, trains and infrastructure 6 MW Wagons Trains Network Infrastructure 25 ton Commodities Paper Coils 20ft ct Trailers 8.3 ton/m 1000 m 750 m Length 880 m 3,6 x 3,6 m

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group 7 Freight trains 2010 Freight trains 2030 with increased rail market share

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group trucks/day or 250 freight trains trucks/day or 75 freight trains

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group 1 freight train every 40 minutes 1 truck every 15 seconds International transports – between Sweden and the continent of western Europe Both directions incuded 1 EU-truck average load 15 tons 1 freight train avrege load 600 tons 1 freight train = 40 trucks Figures from 2006

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group 10 What is important for efficiency? Infrastruture capacity Axle load Meter load Loading gauge Train length Train weight

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Alternative Use of P/C 450 Pocket wagon with 4,5 m trailer Low built wagon with 4,0 m trailer ”Trailer train”

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Finland KU P/C 497 Norway M, U P/C 410 Sweden A, C P/C 450 P/C 432 P/C 422 P/C 410 Denmark Germany G2 P/C 410 P/C 405 P/C 400 Øresund UIC GC P/C 450 Loading gauges and intermodal gauges

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Loading gauges in Sweden and Russia RU gauge SE gauge A SE gauge C Swedish normal 3,40x4,65 m Swedish extended 3,60x4,83 m Russian normal? 3,25x5,30 m

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Useful cross-section m2

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Opportunities of a Large Gauge 5 seats across, X53 unit Frederik Tellerup 158 m 3 volume, SECU container Kockums Industrier

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Transport Economy

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Map: KTH Investigate infrastructure performance standards Source: EU-project Scandria

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Map: KTH Axle load

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Map: KTH Meter Load

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Map: KTH General loading gauge

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Map: KTH Intermodal loading gauge

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group The Öresund bridge Network statment from Axle load 25 ton 8,3 ton/meter Intermodal gauge P/C 450 Train length 1000 m Train mass 4000 ton In the network statment it is also declared that the Swedish loading gauge C 3,604,83 will be implemented from 2020

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group 4.65 m 4.2 m 4.0 m >4.5 m >4.95 m >4.5 m Vision: P/C 450 rail corridor 4.1 m Fran-Scan Hi-Cube Intermodal Corridor (G2, P/C 450)

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Railway Loading Gauges >G2 G2 <G2 Vision: G2 rail corridor

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Rail Freight Corridors Long freight trains 835 m Hamburg-Padborg- Kopenhagen

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Rail Freight Corridors Long freight trains 835 m Hamburg-Padborg- Kopenhagen - Continue to Hallsberg?

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Conclusions of investigations between Scandinavia and Europe Extended intermodal loading gauge –In many cases possible by measuring actual obstacles and making minor adjustments Extended loading gauge for wagonload –Especially valuable to make rectangular profile in upper part Operation of longer trains –Can be possible on existing infrastructure but simulations and network analysis must be done to verify possible slots

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Inter Modal from Scandinavia to Russia Inter Modal via ferrys to Finland

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Wagon Load from Sweden to Russia Wagon load via Tornio by changing axles or reloading Remark: rail ferry line closed 2012

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Proposals for cooperation between Russia and Europe How to handle intermodal between Scandinavia and Russia –Trailers can be handled on existing ferries on many destinations. What are the prerequisities for trailer transports on rail and road in Russia? How to handle wagonload between Sweden and Russia –The train ferry line Sweden – Finland is closed, but the railway to Haparanda/Tornio is improved Comparsion of freight train operation in Russia and Scandinavia –What is best practice in Russia and what can we learn in Europe? Reliable systems in cold weather operation –Exchange of experiences

KTH Railway Group Center for research and education in Railway technology Railway Group Thanks! Home page: