Unit 4 Test Review

G1, S, G2, mitosis, cytokinesis What is the order for the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2 Interphase of the cell life cycle includes what?

Cell grows What occurs at G1?

DNA replication What occurs at Sphase?

Cell grows and preparation for mitosis What occurs at G2?

Division of nuclear material What occurs during mitosis?

(PMAT) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase What are the steps of mitosis in order?

Division of the cytoplasm What does cytokinesis mean?

A cell plate is formed to separate the cytoplasm in plant cell mitosis and the cytoplasm pinches forming a cleavage furrow during animal cell mitosis. Centrioles are replicated and spindles fibers are produced from them in animal mitosis. In plant mitosis spindles come from a fibril at each pole of the cell. What are the differences between animal cell mitosis and plant cell mitosis?

4 chromosomes During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell having four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

They will divide uncontrollably and cancer will form Look at this diagram. G 0 phase, is a resting period. Most normal cells can leave G 0 phase and reenter the cell cycle at G 1 phase before entering S phase. Cancer cells are different because they cannot enter G 0 phase. What happen if they can’t enter the resting period?

A cell that can’t control its cell cycle divides uncontrollably. What causes cancer?

It has protein spikes and/or tail fibers around the outside that must fit with the protein receptors on the outside of the cell. If you were trying to produce an antiviral drug, the most important thing you would want to know about the virus you were trying to kill would be how it infects a cell. What does the virus use to attach to the cell it is infecting?

A living host cell A virus needs what to reproduce?

Virus Ebola, influenza, common cold, small pox, chicken pox, herpes, HIV….all are caused by what?

Their protein spikes must fit with protein receptors on the cell. How do viruses attack cells?

It injects its DNA into the cell and uses the cell to replicate itself. How do viruses kill cells?

Lytic cycle What type of viral replication cycle does this picture represent?

Attachment – virus attaches to the cell Injection – virus injects its DNA or RNA into the cell Replication – virus uses the cell to replicate its DNA Release – cell gets so full of viruses it lyses and dies On the picture describe what is happening at each step.

Lysogenic What is the name of the viral replication cycle where the virus is dormant?

Protein capsid coat tail tail fibers What are 3 things that viruses have that a cell does NOT have?

Attach to a cell’s surface The projections on the surface of a virus allow it to do what?

capsid The basic parts of a virus are DNA/RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a

Helper T cells HIV attacks what type of cells?

Dying from a secondary infection or cancer When someone has HIV, we say that HIV doesn’t kill them. If they aren’t dying from HIV, what are they dying from?

protection_ Epithelial cells are your skin cells. They are specialized to form a barrier between the external environment and the internal structures of your body to provide you

Cell specialization refers to the fact that all cells are built specifically to do the job they perform. That’s why red blood cells look differently than nerve cells, because they do different jobs. This cell differentiation is most directly regulated by the cell’s DNA because it contains all of the cells genetic information.