TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X2 and their applications Ralf Duering ASV-Geo Business devleopment Director (TSX)

The SAR Roadmap with Constellation Perspective ~ 2019 The SAR Roadmap with Constellation Perspective HRWS 2017 WorldSAR Constellation 2015 TerraSAR-X2 2013 TerraSAR/ PAZ Constellation 2010 TanDEM-X 2007 The continuity of the German SAR Roadmap TerraSAR-X APT

TerraSAR Programme Continuity 2008 2010 2015 2020 TerraSAR-X1 (PPP) Imagery, Monitoring, DEM TanDEM-X (PPP) Global DEM TanDEM-X Mission Global DEM acquisition (1st coverage until end-2011, final DEM from 2014) In parallel: imaging mission continuity System up-grades: polar station, maritime mode, NRT ship processor TerraSAR-X2: Second Generation 7.5 years nominal lifetime 2015 - 2022 more detail (< 0.5 m, polarization), AIS receiver WorldSAR extension options (constellation, formation), incl. virtual constellation (PAZ under consideration) Phase A started mid-2010, implementation start 2011 Third Generation (HRWS) in preparation High-resolution wide swath technology (< 1 m @ 100 km swath) (HRWS) TerraSAR-X2 APT

Extra High Resolution Mode Imaging Modes TSX2 [TSX tbd.] TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X, TerraSAR-X2 TSX2 TopSAR ScanSAR 30 x 50 ... 1.500 km² StripMap SpotLight XHR 0.5 m … 0.25 m resolution 25 … 50 m resolution 350 … 400 km swath 18 m 3 m 1 m 100 x 150 ... 1.500 km² 10x5 km² Extra High Resolution Mode Maritime Mode Optimised for ship detection, plus on-board AIS (TSX2) APT

TSX2 – Advancements X-band SAR bandwidth Technology 300 MHz (1m) extended to 600 MHz at WRC 2007 1,200 MHz (25cm) on the agenda of WRC 2016 Technology Key technologies demonstrated More compact/efficient highly integrated design Modular approach: Multi-channel SAR with 600 MHz/channel Improved image quality: significant better NESZ Intermediate step to digital beam forming (full implementation planned for TSX3) 27/07/2010 TSX2 - The Next Generation TerraSAR Page 5 APT

TSX2 – Key Features Heritage modes, INSAR continuity Enhanced collection capability Zoom in: 5 x 5 km @ 25 cm Zoom out: 400 km swath @ 30 m Overall capacity like first generation, but Increased flexibility: high local collection density for object patterns AIS collects integral in local imagery Communication and downlinks 900 Mbps X-band, network of stations for NRT Relay link based on LCT to EDRS under investigation 27/07/2010 TSX2 - The Next Generation TerraSAR Page 6 APT

Outlook: TerraSAR-X2 0.5 m, Dual Pol. 0.25 m proposal for WRC-16 agenda Courtesy DLR-HR (F-SAR, 600Mhz, 0.5m, Dual-Pol, SLC) APT

TSX2 WorldSAR Extension Constellation 2 polar + 1 inclined Average revisit below 10h For most critical areas 24h revisit guaranteed at best resolution Cooperation TSX2 as constellation contribution Partner purchasing TSX2 flight models 27/07/2010 TSX2 - The Next Generation TerraSAR Page 8 APT

WorldSAR Alliance Concept Virtual Constellation: TerraSAR, TanDEM with other systems Multi-mission ground segment co-operation TerraSAR-X2: Co-investment partnerships (max. 3) and system extension with additional satellites Build-operate-transfer (BOT) concept Regional tasking and servicing rights (domestic security) Restricted to nations with remote sensing regulations For a maximum of three partners APT

TerraSAR-X Applications Quantitative Measurements Qualitative Measurements and Mapping Digital Elevation Models (rel. vertical accuracy < 2 m) Topographic Mapping (better than 1:25,000) Ground Control Points (3D accuracy < 1 m) Change Detection (ACD, CCD) Surface Movement Monitoring (velocity < 5mm/year) Ship Detection (ship length > 10 m) APT

TanDEM-X WorldDEM Mission TanDEM Mission First configurable SAR interferometer in space Bi-static operation: one of the two satellites emits radar signal, backscatter by both Double-helix formation flying (DLR innovation): 200 meters distance between satellites – at a speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour WorldDEM 3 years to cover entire globe (specific time windows – otherwise standard imaging requests performed by both satellites) DTED/HRTI Level 3 (global) Consistent, seamless global coverage Secondary Mission Goals HRTI Level 4 DEM acquisition (local) Further scientific experiments APT

TanDEM-X: DEM Accuracy h 10m 100km 2m The primary product to be delivered by TanDEM-X is global digital elevation model according to the HRTI-3 standard. This standard requires a spatial resolution of 12 m by 12 m, an absolute vertical accuracy of 10 m, and a relative point-to-point vertical accuracy of 2 m. All height errors are specified for a 90% confidence level. If we compare this definition to a DTED-2 DEM, we see that both the spatial resolution and the vertical accuracy are significantly improved. This improvement results in a reduction of the 3-D voxel volume extension by a factor of 40. APT 12

TanDEM-X: WorldDEM Product Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Corrected Digital Surface Model (spikes and wells) Datum/Ellipsoid: WGS84 Mosaiced and calibrated (mainly ICEsat reference GCPs) Height Error Map (HEM): automatically generated Flag Mask (FLM): Annotation of Water indication mask and shadow mask Interpolated areas (< 9 pixels) Areas of large height deviation from different DSM measurements Amplitude Mosaic (AMP): SAR Ortho image (100 MHz, ~ 12 m) Metadata (XML, ISO 19115) Further Global Products Water Mask Coastlines Urban Footprint APT

Visual assessment - Minnesota Close-Up Visual assessment - Minnesota SRTM 3“ SRTM 1“ TanDEM-X 0.4“ SRTM grid spacing 3“ 90m only <60° N/S free for everybody 1“ 30m only USA free for everybody, worldwide <60° N/S only for NGA TDX 0.4“ 12m TanDEM-X DEM processed by DLR TanDEM-X SAR amplitude APT

Statistical assessment vs. LiDAR - Minnesota Close-Up Statistical assessment vs. LiDAR - Minnesota TanDEM-X „urban“ LiDAR DSM „urban“ 273.65m 274.42m 287.19m 288.29m Automatic / semi-automatic post-processing TanDEM-X DEM processed by DLR WorldDEM is extremely precise - Building structure is clearly visible APT

TerraSAR-X GCP Extraction of reference points (GCP’s) in remote and hard to access areas Image orthorectification, Mosaicing, Target localization Very high 3D accuracy (x, y, z) Due to extremely high orbit accuracy (<10 cm) TerraSAR-X inherent position error of 0.3 m in range and 0.5 m in azimuth Validation Campaign (Corners and natural features)  Resulting x, y, z accuracy of better than 1m for natural and man made features SM, features HS, features HS, corner reflectors inherent position error = pixel localization accuracy Residuen Length: absolute value (Betrag) of error vector (xyz) of measured point RMSE Root Mean Square Error DGPS: Differential GPS with correction service with reference reception stations in cells in many countries: error 3cm. To be used for validation. Produkte GCP1 1m 5GCP 12.500€ HS GCP2 2m 8GCP 10.500€ SM + SL GCP3 3m 10GCP 8.500€ SM only ASC or DESC ASC and DESC, 2 images ASC and DESC, 4 images only ASC or DESC ASC and DESC, 2 images ASC and DESC, 4 images ASC and DESC, 4 images APT

TerraSAR-X 3D Topographic Mapping Data Acquisition Automatic DSM Processing DEM Editing Interpretation & DTM Generation Radargrammetric pair: 2 scenes, approx. 20° incidence angle difference ascending and descending mode 1m SpotLight 3m StripMap processed within TerraSAR-X Groundstation Raw DSM editing by integrated workflow No GCPs needed Digital Surface Model DSM Digital Terrain Model DTM Stereo Interpretation of topographic features DTM Extrapolation Topographic Mapping (2D/3D) 1:10,000 1:25,000 1:50,000 APT

Topographic Map Scale 1:50,000 35 thematic classes geometric accuracy: 7-8 m 35 thematic classes in this map, >60 classes can be distinguished Geometric accuracy of map with redargrammetric DEM: 7-8m APT

CCD: Phase Coherence Coherent Change Detection nuclear enrichment facility - Qom, Iran APT

Amplitude Change Detection APT

Monitoring Subway Construction Envisat -> TSX: better resolution -> more persistant scatterer, higher density PSInSAR: PS density in urban areas In urbanem gelände:PS Dicht steigt mit der Auflösung SM: 100-1000 PS /km^2 HS: >>5000 PS/km^2 Displacement diagram valid for one point. For each point there is one diagram Analysis dependant on time interval, velocity measured and extrapolated APT

Monitoring Airport Construction Zone 1 Subsidence heterogeneous Zone 2 Zone 3 Tilting -30 mm/11 days +30 12/01/2011 - 22 APT

TSX Automated Ship Detection Service Ship Sea-Ice Land Off-shore Windpark Golar Arctic (length: 279m) Ships Nysted Windfarm, Denmark TerraSAR-X StripMap © DLR TerraSAR-X StripMap © DLR Back TerraSAR-X © DLR APT