AGES 2.0 Research Procedure overview

Overview The number and quality of social relationships has important consequences for individual health and well-being. People with broader social networks, and who are active across multiple social groups: -Adjust to change better (Iyer et al., 2009) -Are more resilient (Jones & Jetten, 2011; Cohen et al., 1997) -Live longer (Holt-Lunstad, et al., 2010) Supporting individuals to create and maintain social connections is an important focus for public health (Cacioppo & Hawkley, 2003)

Overview Aging coincides with: -Reduced physical mobility -Difficulties of communication -Increased social isolation -Reduced cognitive and mental health Social media has the potential to overcome physical constraints, improve communication and social connections and through this support health and well-being.

Overview Early studies (McConatha et al., 1994, 1995) show positive effects of training older adults in care to use online computing facilities: -Improved daily living skills -Improved cognitive function -Reduced depression More recent work (Slegers et al, 2008; White et al., 2002) suggests few psychosocial benefits of computer and internet training for older adults in the community.

Current Aims To investigate further the effects of social media training on older adults: -Feelings of social inclusion -Cognitive functioning -Mental health and well-being To compare the effects of social media training across older adults in care and those residing in the community

Current Aims Social Media Training Social Media Training Social Inclusion Social Inclusion Cognitive Health Cognitive Health Mental Health Mental Health Use

Experimental design R 60 D 30 E 1.Recruitment 2.Baseline 3.Training 4.Follow-up 30 C 30 E 30 C 30 E 30 C 30 E 30 C

Recruitment Locate willing and able participants aged 60+ -Residential & domiciliary Initial screening by care staff/ carers to indicate potential ability: -Cognitive Function -Mobility & Movement -Space -Time Eligible participants contacted for baseline assessment Does the client have:  Good awareness of who they are and where they are?  Ability to communicate reasonably with others?  Good comprehension and can read independently?  Ability to follow simple instructions?  No significant cognitive/memory impairment?  Family/carer support in the home?  No significant mood-related (anxiety/depression) problems?  Sufficient dexterity/ freedom of movement to use a simple computer?

Baseline Health and well-being: Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) General Health questionnaire CES Depression (short) Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (short) Satisfaction with life Competence & Autonomy Social connections: UCLA loneliness Scale (short) Exeter Identity and Transitions Scale Attitudes about computers Use and perceived utility

Training 10 clients per Care Technician Weeks 1 – 4: 3 x 1.5 hour sessions: EasyPC (45 min) Life History (45min) Weeks 5 – 12: 1 hour telephone/ contact per fortnight 1 hour face-to-face contact alternating fortnights Care technicians log client progress, computer use, and degree of contact Week 1Week 2Week 3Week 4 Feb C1 (4.5hrs) March C1 (1hr) C2 (4.5hrs) C1 (2hr) C2 (4.5 hrs) C1 (1hr) C2 (4.5 hrs) C1 (2hr) C2 (4.5 hrs) April C1 (1hr) C2 (1hr) C3 (4.5hrs) C1 (2hr) C2 (1hr) C3 (4.5hrs) C1 (1hr) C2 (1hr) C3 (4.5hrs) C1 (2hr) C2 (1hr) C3 (4.5hrs) May C2 (1hr) C3 (1hr) C4 (4.5hrs) C2 (2hr) C3 (2hr) C4 (4.5hrs) C2 (1hr) C3 (1hr) C4 (4.5hrs) C2 (2hr) C3 (2hr) C4 (4.5hrs)

Training Week 1: Introducing computer and broadband technology, accessing the internet, and using . Start developing a Life History folder and begin identifying and collating materials. Week 2: Introduce Skype technology (e.g., receiving Skype, making a Skype call, managing address book). Week 3 Introduction to network sites (online communities and chat rooms of interest such as Senior Chatters, Reminiscence, SilverSurfers). Week 4: Life History folder collated and ready for sharing with capacity to extend with new materials.

Training Weeks 5-8: Regular reminders to engage with technology Opportunities to ask questions and receive further support Monitoring of progress Weeks 9-12: Independent use + regular monitoring of progress

Follow-up Health and well-being: ACE-R General Health questionnaire CES Depression (short) Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (short) Satisfaction with life Competence & Autonomy Social connections: UCLA loneliness Scale (short) Exeter Identity and Transitions Scale Attitudes about computers Use and perceived utility Experiences with easyPC Experiences with care technician Satisfaction/ desire to continue using facility

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