Title Vortex matter in presence of disorder Eli Zeldov Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel

first-order transition second magnetization peak H c2 T [ K ] B [ G ] Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 depinning BSCCO PD disordered liquid / gas quasi-ordered-lattice (Bragg glass) T cp

Second peak loop + shaking Magnetization loop with second magnetization peak GaAs Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 crystal H dc Vortex ‘shaking’ with H ac  H ac  H a [ kOe ] B - H a [G] T = 26 K B sp

Crossing lattices: Pancake vortices and Josephson vortices Koshelev crossing lattices z x y Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x Pancake vortex Vortex line CuO 2 planes H dc H ac 

Magnetization loop B - H a [ G ] H a [ Oe ] Magnetization loop with ‘vortex shaking’ no H ac  T = 30 K

Magnetization loop with Hac H a [ Oe ] Magnetization loop with ‘vortex shaking’ with H ac  no H ac  T = 30 K B - H a [ G ] H a [ Oe ] T = 38 K < T cp B - H a [ G ] with H ac 

T [ K ] B m ( T ) [ G ] First-order phase transition line B m (T) Bm(T) with Hac T cp B sp (T) B m (T) solid liquid

T [ K ] B m ( T ) [ G ] Inverse melting of the vortex lattice Bm(T) with Hac zoom Tcp T cp lattice liquid

thermally driven disorder driven amorphous liquid / gas quasi-ordered-lattice (Bragg glass) H c2 T [ K ] B [ G ] BSCCO PD summary Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8

Phase diagram of low-T c superconductors T H TcTc H c2 disordered phase ordered phase (Bragg glass) LTS phase diagram

Strip and Corbino I c at peak effect Strip I c Fe doped NbSe T NbSe2 PE strip H c2 ( T )

Ordered PhaseDisordered Phase Strip and Corbino I c at peak effect Corbino I c Strip I c NbSe2 PE strip + Corbino Fe doped NbSe T H c2 ( T )

surface barrier I dc v ordered lattice Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination schematics 1 H dc

I dc v surface barrier Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination schematics 2 H dc

I dc ordered phase disordered phase v Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination schematics 3 H dc

I dc H dc ordered phase disordered phase Edge-contamination mechanism v Edge contamination - surface boiling surface boiling

I dc v Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination negative current H dc ordered phase disordered phase surface boiling

I dc ordered phase disordered phase v Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination no current surface boiling H dc

I dc v Edge-contamination mechanism Edge contamination - Hall sensors surface boiling H dc array of Hall sensors low J high J

Phase diagram of low-T c superconductors LTS phase diagram with Corbino disk T H TcTc H c2 disordered phase ordered phase (Bragg glass) No edge contamination

Phase diagram of low-T c superconductors LTS PD w contamination T H TcTc H c2 disordered phase ordered phase (Bragg glass)

Phase diagram of low-T c superconductors LTS PD w dynamic coexistence T H TcTc disordered phase ordered phase (Bragg glass) H c2 Dynamic coexistence due to edge contamination

thermally driven disorder driven amorphous liquid / gas Bragg glass H c2 T [ K ] B [ G ] BSCCO phase diagram Vortex matter phase diagram in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8

Differential magneto-optical system Superconductor F=F= Garnet indicator He lamp CCD camera Polarizer Cryostat Solenoid Analyzer Microscope Differential MO technique HaHa B(r) Ha  HaHa  Ha T    T B(r)    B(r)

Movie BSCCO#3 large color

Guilin mist mountains

Guilin mountains with water

Artificial disorder by heavy ion irradiation Crystal with mask and CDs SST mask 90  m Columnar defects by 1 GeV Pb irradiation through perforated mask porous Braggglass Bragg glass Magnetic decoration

Movie Satya Bf=20G, B=50G

Thanks Special thanks …