Overview of CEPCA and Approach to PLC Standardization July 19, 2006 Consumer Electronics Power line Communication Alliance (CEPCA) Technical Work Group [Presented by Mark Eyer, Sony]

2 Overview of CEPCA and Approach to PLC Standardization 1.Necessity of Coexistence –Result of collision experiment –Requirements for Coexistence –Use Case analysis –Basic system requirements –Requirements from Consumer Electronics manufacturers 2.CEPCA solution 3.Approach to standardization –Activity of Technical WG (TWG)

3 A Definition of Coexistence oDifferent PLC systems must be able to operate simultaneously on a common electrical medium without degradation in performance except for the reduction in bandwidth due to fair sharing of the medium. ETSI Coexistence Workshop Kaywan Afkhamie, Intellon Corporation September 22, 2005

4 Collision Experiment with Modems using Different Methods Necessity of Coexistence

5 Necessity of Coexistence Configuration of collision experiment system tInterference tests using pseudo- transmission path –Four types (technologies) of modems two high-speed, two medium-speed Modem A1 PC Modem A2 PC Modem B1 PC Modem B2 PC Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer ATT

6 Necessity of Coexistence: Result of collision experiment Medium-speed system (A) vs. High-speed system (B) Type of Modem Actual speed in standalone Actual speed at collision A: Medium-speed system (data length 255B) 400 kbps80 kbps B: High-speed system (data length 1500B) 100 Mbps (ATT 0dB) 19 Mbps (ATT 50dB) 60 Mbps (ATT 0dB) < 1 Mbps (ATT 50dB) Modem A1 Modem A1 PC Modem A2 Modem A2 PC modem B1 modem B1 PC Modem B2 Modem B2 PC Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer ATT

7 Necessity of Coexistence: Result of collision experiment High-speed system (A) vs. High-speed system (B) Type of Modem Actual speed in standalone Actual speed at collision A: High-speed system (data length 1500B) 147 Mbps 90 Mbps (ATT 0dB) 131 Mbps (ATT 10dB) B: High-speed system (data length 1500B) 125 Mbps (ATT 0dB) 123 Mbps (ATT 10dB) < 1Mbps (ATT 0dB) < 1Mbps (ATT 10dB) Modem A1 Modem A1 PC Modem A2 Modem A2 PC modem B1 modem B1 PC Modem B2 Modem B2 PC Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer ATT

8 Necessity of Coexistence: Result of collision experiment High-speed system (A) vs. High-speed system (B) (FDM) Type of Modem Actual speed in standalone Actual speed at collision A: High-speed system (data length 1500B) 77 Mbps B: High-speed system (data length 1500B) 56 Mbps40 Mbps Modem A1 Modem A1 PC Modem A2 Modem A2 PC modem B1 modem B1 PC Modem B2 Modem B2 PC Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer

9 Summary of Collision Experiment tPhysical layer speed deteriorates significantly upon collision –Demonstrates that coexistence is indispensable tLess deterioration if frequency bands separated –Effectiveness of frequency band division is confirmed –Time division is expected to be effective as well

10 Spatial Isolation tInfluence by interference was not observed with SNR > 30 dB –Possibility for spatial reuse of frequency Modem A1 PC Modem A2 PC Modem B1 PC Modem B2 PC Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Analyzer ATT

11 Coexistence Requirements and the Solution tAnalysis of system requirements –Categorization of application areas tDefinition of requirements for system specification –Basic system requirements –Requirements from CE manufacturers –Other system requirements tCEPCA solution –Specification for coexistence system –Summary

12 Scope of PLC Applications tAccess systems and In-home systems tAssumed Use Cases / applications tAssumed worldwide use tTarget: systems using the 2-30 MHz band CategoryFieldUse Cases / Applications Access systems Outdoor distribution lines Broadband internet service Voice service (VoIP) Video service (IPTV) Distribution lines for housing complex / In-building In-home systems In-home power linesAV streaming Audio transmission Broadband internet service Home control

13 Access indoor (housing complex) Transformer HE CPE Internet ISP Den Internet TV Video Phone Audio Server Printer Audio PC Child's room Living room Child's room TV Video Server PC  Use of in-building / housing complex network and in-home network  Triple play (IP broadcast watching, VoIP, internet access)  Multi-room distribution by in-home video server  Home control (security camera video, electronic locking) Fiber optics Electronic lock Security camera Entrance Application Areas

14  PLC rear speaker  Multi-room distribution system PLC Audio Distribution Application PLC enables new listening styles and greater user convenience  Combination with PC  Combination with portable audio player Application – Audio

15 Electric Lock Security Camera Sensor Air Conditioner Lighting Entrance Living room Den Lighting Bed room Child's room Air Conditioner Window Blind Air Conditioner Internet Example of In-Home Control System  Integrated control of sensors, HVAC, lighting, blinds, & security cameras  Coexistence must ensure quick response  Data transport could be lower-speed Application – Home Control & Security

16 Specification Required for Application ApplicationTransmission Rate (Mbps)Packet loss rateLatency (ms) HDTV (MPEG-TS)19.2–27 < 1 packet / 2 hours 200 DV28.8 Video Conference0.128–2 Internet Streaming (Video) 0.1–4 High Quality Audio1.411–5.644 < １ sample / 80 minutes 10 Low Rate Audio0.064–0.32 VoIP0.128 (0.064 x 2) 1% 20 Video Phone2–8 (1–4 x 2) Home Control0.04 (0.01 x 4) n/a 300 Monitoring Camera (JPEG) (VGA) Four Application Areas Coexist Video systemAudio systemVoice systemHome control system

17 Coexistence Requirement and the Solution tAnalysis of system requirements –Categorization application areas tDefinition of requirements for system specification –Basic system requirements –Requirements from CE manufacturers –Other system requirements tCEPCA solution –Specification for coexistence system –Summary

18 Basic System Requirement  Resources are fairly distributed to access systems and in- home systems  Basic requirement: both access and in-home systems preferentially can use available resources up to 50%  Resources are efficiently utilized, accommodating sharing of unused resources  Resource allocation is variable, considering country-specific requirements  Among in-home systems, resources are distributed, focusing on efficient use  Assumes each in-home system uses minimum necessary resources for the given application  User priority is respected when available spectrum is insufficient 1.The system should be able to utilize powerline resources (time and frequency) efficiently and fairly

19 Requirements from CE Manufacturers  Achievement of both high-speed transmission and low- delay transmission  High-speed transmission of Full-HD video stream (27 Mbps max)  Delay time of audio or VoIP (10 msec. for audio, below 20 msec. for VoIP)  Response time and reliability of operation  Expected performance of consumer electronics is maintained with PLC feature in use  No additional user complexity involved  Assumed number of systems  One Access system and several In-home systems coexist  Up to four in-home systems have guaranteed resources available  Assumed number of systems is not limited on best effort basis 2. The system is suitable for practical use cases / applications

20 Other System Requirements  It is possible to apply to power lines all over the world  Supports specifications of countries using electric power system from single-phase two-wire to three-phase four-wire, 50 Hz or 60 Hz  The system is fair to all high-speed power line transmission technologies  Easy implementation, minimum cost increase  Band-assured system, best-effort system  The system complies with standards, and related legislation of each country  EMC-related legislation (FCC Part 15)  PSD mask, etc. 3. The system can be utilized worldwide

21 Coexistence Requirement and the Solution tAnalysis of system requirements –Categorization application areas tDefinition of requirements for system specification –Basic system requirements –Requirements from CE manufacturers –Other system requirements tCEPCA solution –Specification for coexistence system –Summary

22 CEPCA Solution Necessary technology analysis for coexistence of PLCs with different systems Collision avoidance method among different systems Time Division (TDM) Frequency Division (FDM) Filter (+) unnecessary (-) necessary Synchronization of systems (-) necessary (+) unnecessary QoS (latency vs. efficiency) (-) some overhead (+) exclusive use Tolerance for frequency selectivity (+) high (-) low Common signal among different systems - Requirements Easy implementation(Fair among different systems) Coverage(Equivalent to or above PLC modem) Transmission efficiency(Little loss for bands) Items compared Avoidance method

23 CEPCA Solution Collision Avoidance Method Between Different Systems FDM/TDM hybrid tIn-home systems use all bands if there is no Access system tIn-home systems coexist with FDM, opening frequency band if there is Access system –Assures independency of Access system tIn-home systems avoid collision with TDM –Precise band-sharing is possible time freq In-HomeIn-HomeIn-Homeme Access

24 CEPCA Solution System Synchronization in TDM Utilization of AC zero-cross point tCommon standard for PLCs of different systems tHigh reliability, eliminating synchronization lag by clock error time Sync Point time freq In-HomeIn-HomeIn-Homeme Access

25 CEPCA Solution TDM/FDM Format time freq In-HomeIn-Homeme Access Best Effort slotTDMA slot In-Home TDM_UNIT_LEN system 1system 2 time freq In-Home me ch #x ch #y THTH TATA TDM_UNIT_LEN TDM Unit CDCF Window of In-Home systems CDCF Window of Access system D-SlotS-Slot 2S-Slot 1S-Slot 4S-Slot 3 FDM channel Access Programmable Fine-TDM: Static slot (S-Slot) and Dynamic slot (D-Slot)  Realizes band assurance and band adjustment  Handles burst-like traffic with D-Slot alone Programmable FDM: 2MHz step size for FDM boundary  Flexibly handles area differences and future legislation

26 CEPCA Solution Common Signals Among Different Systems System A System B System C Band assignment among systems with CDCF* Band assignment in each system CDCF: Commonly Distributed Coordination Function

27 CEPCA Solution Composition of CDCF Signals CDCF Signal time Sync Point A: Access indicates its existence H: In-Homes indicate their existence J : Request for join B: D-slots for Best-effort traffic BbBaBcAH2H1JrJpH4H3 Access systems existence indication, indicate FDM/TDM mode Time slot indication in using in-home systems Use-request indication of in-home systems (with priority) D-Slot use-request indication Transmission of information by with/without OFDM signal tDefines slot, based on AC zero-cross tRegards it as in-band signal, and realizes coverage equivalent to or above the modem using common hardware #x #y

28 CEPCA Solution Summary Collision avoidance mechanism of TDM/FDM hybrid Wide-range coexistence is realized with the combination of flexible TDM which doesn’t need filter and frequency-occupying FDM  Fine TDM with “D-slot” – QoS is handled flexibly with parallel use of fixed slot and variable slot – Band-assured fixed slot (S-Slot) with priority  Programmable FDM – Area differences and future legislation are flexibly handled. Common coexistence signal among different systems (CDCF) – Uses same band with PLC modem – Realizes coverage equivalent to or above the modem and part- sharing

29 Approach to Standardization

30 Members: Include 7 promoting companies and 1 contributing company 27 members (21 from Japan, 3 from US, 3 from EU) Activity: Started July, 2005; 30 meetings held to date Technical Work Group—Standardization Activity Accomplishments: Created coexistence technology specification Contribute to standardization activities Joined IEEE P1901 WG (8 Entities), and proposed: – Use Cases – Features / technology requirements for coexistence Joined ETSI PLT (2 Entities), and proposed: – Technology requirements for coexistence – Concept of coexistence specification Future Plans: Create certification specification and document an certification system Propose coexistence technology specification to IEEE and ETSI PLT

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