GCOM/AMSR2 status Earth Observation Research Center and GCOM Project Team Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency AMSR-E Joint Science Team Meeting Huntsville, USA June 2, 2010

1 –2 medium-sized satellite: GCOM-W and -C. –3 consecutive generations with 1 year overlaps for assuring long- term inter-calibrated data records. Main characteristics of GCOM 1 st Generation GCOM-W1 (Water)GCOM-C1 (Climate) GCOM-W1GCOM-C1 Orbit Sun synchronous orbit (A-Train orbit) Altitude ： 699.6km （ on Equator ） Inclination ： 98.2° Local sun time ： 13:30±15min Sun synchronous orbit Altitude ： 798km （ on Equator ） Inclination ： 98.6° Local sun time ： 10:30±15 min Life5 years LaunchJFY 2011 by H-IIA RocketJFY 2014 by H-IIA Rocket Satellite scale 5.1m （ X ） ×17.5m （ Y ） ×3.4m （ Z ） （ on-orbit ） 4.6m （ X ） ×16.3m （ Y ） ×2.8m （ Z ） （ on orbit ） Satellite mass 1991kg2093kg Power generation More than 3880W （ EOL ） More than 4000W （ EOL ） GCOM-W1 is planned to be injected into A-Train orbit. So the orbit of GCOM-W1 will be same as Aqua orbit.

GCOM-W1 position in A-Train 2 The MLTAN of GCOM-W1 orbit is between (Aqua sec) and (Aqua – 79.5 sec). GCOM-W1 is planned to be injected into ahead of Aqua.

3 AMSR2 Instrument AMSR2 Channel Set Center Freq. [GHz] Band width [MHz] Polariz ation Beam width [deg] (Ground res. [km]) Sampling interval [km] 6.925/ V and H 1.8 (35 x 62) (24 x 42) (14 x 22) (15 x 26) (7 x 12) (3 x 5)5 GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics Scan and rateConical scan at 40 rpm AntennaOffset parabola with 2.0m dia. Swath width1450km Incidence angleNominal 55 degrees Digitization12bits Dynamic range K PolarizationVertical and horizontal Deployed AMSR2 has deployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter. Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. AMSR2 has two-point external calibration with the improved HTS (hot-load). Deep space calibration maneuver to check consistency between main reflector and CSM. AMSR2 is added a redundant momentum wheel to increase reliability. Stowed

GCOM-W1 and C1 development Schedule 4 Japanese Fiscal Year FY2006FY2007FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014 Milestone GCOM-W1 GCOM-C1 Phase-B PDR CDR Phase-CPhase-D SDR GCOM-W1 Project start Present Phase-BPhase-CPhase-APhase-D GCOM-C1 Launch (TBD) GCOM-W1 Launch PDRCDRSDR GCOM-C1 Project start (*) Japanese Fiscal Year starts in April and ends in March. Phase-A The system CDR of GCOM-W1 was over last year. GCOM-W1 is scheduled for launch in November of next year.

GCOM-W Program Status 5 GCOM-W1 STM GCOM-W1 The system CDR of GCOM-W1 was over in October, AMSR2 flight model has been integrated and will be tested until this summer. The tests of the bus system flight components have been performed. The satellite system test will start in summer this year. GCOM-W2 The study of AMSR2 improvement for GCOM-W2 has been performed. AMSR2 is planned to add 160GHz and/or 183GHz channels. The feasibility study of US provided Dual- Frequency Scatterometer installation on GCOM-W2 has been performed.

6 GCOM operational concept JAXA GN Domestic JAXA ground stations (Katsuura, Tsukuba & Hatoyama) - Real time observation data over Japanese Islands Svalbard -Global observation data -S-band telemetry Ground stations of other organizations in the world - Real time observation data S-band (Command & Telemetry) S-band (Telemetry, Command in emergency ) X-band GCOM-W1, C1 ・ Command Data Rate ： 4kbps ・ Telemetry Data Rate ： 29.4kbps S-band GCOM-W1 ・ Data rate ： 10Mbps GCOM-C1 ・ Data rate ： 138Mbps X-band Tsukuba Space Center in JAXA Satellite Control center Data processing system Operational organizations GCOM-W1GCOM-C1 Data Distribution - L1 global observation product (+2.5H after observation time for GCOM-W1) - L1 product of Japanese islands (+0.5H after observation time for GCOM-W1) GCOM Website Researchers Data rate of GCOM-W1 is 10 Mbps. C1’s data rate is 138 Mbps. Observation data is received by Svalbard, Katsuura, Tsukuba, Hatoyama and so on. Received data is processed in Tsukuba Space Center, and is delivered to users.

7 GCOM-W1 Ground system status The CDR of the satellite house-keeping system (command generation and telemetry processing) and the observation data processing system were over in December, These ground systems are under manufacturing. The GCOM website for providing observation products has been manufactured from April, The L2 process software has been developed with PI’s. The test of total ground system will be performed in autumn this year.

8 Access to GCOM data JAXA provides GCOM standard products via JAXA online system (GCOM website), together with AMSR and AMSR-E products. To R&D or operational organizations under the cooperative agreement with JAXA, GCOM products are provided after the satellite commissioning (launch + 3 months) for CAL/VAL. To public researchers, GCOM products are provided via GCOM website after CAL/VAL phase (launch + about 1 year).

Schedule of Research Project Schedule and milestones are subject to change depending on the progress of the project. More detailed (and correct) schedule will be presented for algorithm implementation, research processing/analysis system, etc. 9 Japanese FY * FY2007FY2008FY2009FY2010FY2011FY2012FY2013FY2014 Major Milestones RA period Algorithm Cal/Val Application Algorithm selection (standard products) RA #1 (W1) Issue RA#1 (W1)C1 LaunchW1 Launch * Japanese Fiscal Year starts in April and ends in March. RA #3 (W1) Issue RA#3 (W1) Prototyping Implementation V.1 GEO DevelopmentOptimization/Improvement Candidates of research product Standard product Research product Testing/Implementation, as needed Candidates of research product V.1 TBV.2 Testing/Optimization Criteria #1 Preparation (sites, tools, methodologies)InitialOperational RA #5 (W1) Research using current datasetAMSR2 data utilization Present Six months after launch, the version 1 of level 1 products are scheduled for release. And for another six months, the version 1 of the geophysical products is released. The version 2 products are scheduled for release two years after launch.

AMSR2 Product Definition L1A product Process radiometric and geometric corrections to Level 0 product Stores additional information (conversion coefficient of antenna temperature, etc.) L1B product Same as Level 1A product but observation count is converted to Tb using radiometric correction coefficients. L1R product Resample Level 1B product considering differences of resolution in each frequency. Correction of effect by altitude difference is also done. Tb resampled to 6GHz, 10GHz, 23GHz, and 36GHz footprint, and original 89GHz are stored. L2 product Geophysical parameters retrieved from Level 1B and/or 1R products. L3 product Statistically merged product in daily or monthly basis calculated from Level 1B and 2 products. Global equal Latitude/Longitude grid in 0.25-degree (Low res.) and 0.1-degree (High res.), and polar stereo grid for Northern and Southern Hemisphere in 25-km (Low res.) and 10-km (High res.). Statistical information is also included in monthly products. We have defined a new level 1R product. This product is generated by resampling Level 1B product considering the differences of resolution in each frequency and the effect by altitude difference. Tb resampled to 6, 10, 23 and 36GHz footprint, and original 89GHz are stored. Other products are about the same definition as AMSR and AMSR-E. The high resolution product of Level 3 is also generated.

Current plan We plan to announce the 3 rd RA in this summer. Beginning of August, 2010: 3 rd RA issued End of October, 2010: Proposal Due Date February, 2011: Notification of Selection Results Research period Three (3)years from JFY Research topics We are soliciting proposals contributing to these areas. Algorithm Development Improve and implement standard algorithms. Should meet the success criteria (product accuracy). Validation Prepare and maintain validation sites/methodologies. Conduct product validation of actual AMSR2 data. Application Research Researches leading to social benefits: environmental change monitoring, improvement of future prediction, new operational applications, etc. New research products and their algorithms. Research on synergistic use of GCOM-W and GCOM-C GCOM 3 rd RA (under discussion) 11