C1 - The Impact of CAD on the Design Process

 Consider CAD drawing, 2D, 3D, rendering and different types of modelling.

 Consider product design, architecture and graphic design.

 The ability to link graphic screens together in such a way as to simulate motion or a process.

 The ability to simulate a real situation on the screen and interact with it in a near-natural way.

 Refer to different design contexts.  Consider costs, client needs and development time.

 Consider how this helps to reduce full-scale prototyping, which leads to a reduction in tooling costs, labour costs, energy and materials.

 Also known as force feedback technology  Haptic technology works by using mechanical actuators to apply forces to the user  By simulating the physics of the user’s virtual world, it is possible to compute these forces into real time.

 The recording of human and animal movement by any means  For example, by video, magnetic or electro- mechanical devices.

 Input devices should include…  a scanner  3D scanner  digital camera  graphics tablet

 Haptic technology allows the user to become part of a computer simulation and to interact with it, enabling the designer to observe the user’s performance, so as to design a better outcome.  Haptic technology can also be used in situations where it may prove difficult to train in the real environment.  Haptic technology is also used in feedback devices used in home entertainment consoles.  Capturing a number of users’ movements will allow designers to design better ergonomic products.  Motion capture allows the designer to understand the users’ physiological requirements.

 CAD packages no longer ask the user to draw in an orthographic view.  Software has been developed to allow users to design from any 3D view.  3D facilities allow complex screen images that can be annotated to create a range of useful data.  The data can be used in CAM systems.

 For example…  Orthographic drawings  Presentation virtual product images.

 Revolve:  Allows the users to revolve a sketch around an axis.  The revolve can be between 0° and 360°.  Extrude Profile command  Creates a feature by extruding a sketch profile to a given dimension.

 Starts with a 3D shape in which the designer removes material to build the design

 Starts with an initial sketch in which the designer builds the design.

 Bottom up: Additive Design  Top down: Subtractive Design

 A realistic picture of the final model, offering some machining data.  Surface models contain no data about the interior of the part

 Solid models are clear representations of the final part.  They provide a complete set of data for the product to be realized.

 Solid modelling techniques contain more information for the designer in order to produce a 3D model using CNC (computer numerical control) or RP (rapid prototyping) technologies.  Surface modelling has no wall thickness.

 The calculation and simulation of unknown factors in products using CAD systems.  For example, simulating the stresses within a welded car part.

 For example, the maximum load of a vehicle and the stresses acting upon the vehicle from the differences in terrain.

 Consider costs, type of environment, weather and the user when testing vehicles.