F4B - 1 BU ILDING STRONG SM Flood Damage Reduction Module F4: Reformulation – Optimization, Incremental Analysis and Selection of the NED Plan

F4B - 2 BU ILDING STRONG SM Student Learning Objectives The Student will be able to:  Use initial formulation information to develop/revise new formulation strategies  Describe the role of incremental analysis in plan formulation for flood damage reduction  Distinguish induced flooding from induced damages and know the importance of each to plan formulation

F4B - 3 BU ILDING STRONG SM How do we help this town? High ground behind red line Town limits

F4B - 4 BU ILDING STRONG SM Which do we choose? High ground behind red line Levee/Wall? Detention pond? Town limits Channel Modification? Non- Structural Measures?

F4B - 5 BU ILDING STRONG SM Initial Formulation (we have only just begun) -$15M$85M$100MChannel $20M$80M$60MLevees/Walls -$20M$20M$40MPond $10M$40M$30M Non- Structural Measure NED Cost NED Benefit Net NED Benefit

F4B - 6 BU ILDING STRONG SM And we look at it all again  Fist or last positioning of measures  Dependencies  Combinability  Incremental Analysis

F4B - 7 BU ILDING STRONG SM Increment Defined  An increment is any part of a plan that can be eliminated without jeopardizing the proper function of the remaining parts of the plan.  Thus, different levels of project performance are not increments.  WRDA 1986 Definition of Separable Element. “For purposes of this Act, the term "separable element" means a portion of a project-- (1) which is physically separable from other portions of the project; and (2) which-- (A) achieves hydrologic effects, or (B) produces physical or economic benefits, which are separately identifiable from those produced by other portions of the project.”

F4B - 8 BU ILDING STRONG SM Another Example - What’s An Increment? High ground behind red line Reach 1 Reach 2 Reach 3 Levee alignment Levee tie-back options Town limits

F4B - 9 BU ILDING STRONG SM Separable Increments of a Flood Damage Reduction Plan Plan IncrementNED Costs NED Benefits Net NED Benefits Levee A (1)$21M$20M-$1M Levee B (1&2)$40M$70M$30M Levee C (1,2 &3)$60M$80M$20M

F4B - 10 BU ILDING STRONG SM Separable Increments – Did we miss an opportunity the first time? Plan IncrementNED Costs NED Benefits Net NED Benefits Levee D (2)$21M$50M$29M Levee E (3)$20M$10M-$10M Levee F (2 &3)$39M$60M$21M

F4B - 11 BU ILDING STRONG SM Identifying the NED Plan  Without-project damages  With project damages  Benefits are damages reduced  Net benefits are benefits less project costs (total life cycle costs, including environmental mitigation)  Compare across project scales and between alternatives to determine plan that yields greatest NED benefits  Decision-makers always have the final say

F4B - 12 BU ILDING STRONG SM Environmental Consequences  Flooding is natural; flood damage reduction is not  Flood damage reduction measures can have environmental consequences  Some are intended, some are not  Some are anticipated, some are not  Some are beneficial, some are adverse  Unanticipated, unintended consequences may be the worst type

F4B - 13 BU ILDING STRONG SM Flood Plain Management Issues  Induced flooding is not the NED issue  Induced damages are the issue  Avoiding or mitigating for induced damages are part of project costs and must be considered in plan formulation  Induced flooding is an NFIP/EO issue that must be disclosed in the documentation Where does the water go?

Flood Protection Levee Lock Haven, PA Do you think this property could be affected?

F4B - 15 BU ILDING STRONG SM FEMA and NED Formulation Issues  National Flood Insurance Program participation assumed  FEMA coordination essential and a matter of policy  FEMA buyout land restrictions on Corps measures  Locally desired protection (especially 100-year)

F4B - 16 BU ILDING STRONG SM Take Away Points  Incremental analysis is required to identify the NED Plan.  While a study may recommend a locally preferred plan, the NED Plan establishes the limit on the Federal investment.

F4B - 17 BU ILDING STRONG SM Where We are Going  Next, we’ll start on Navigation  The first module will cover the authorities and policies related to the development of navigation projects.

F4B - 18 BU ILDING STRONG SM Challenge Question:  How is the formulation criterion of acceptability incorporated into the formulation process?  How acceptable does the NED plan have to be?  Who does it have to be acceptable to?