Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde Period 2 Anatomy Thyroid & Parathyroid Maria Boughous & Meghana Varde Period 2 Anatomy

Endocrine System A collection of glands Produce hormones Regulates body’s growth Metabolism Sexual development &function

Glands Pancreas – Controls Glucose Pineal - This is involved Parathyroid – Maintains calcium level Pituitary – influence various Other endocrine glands Thymus – influences the body’s immune system Thyroid – heat production, bone growth and the metabolism Pineal - This is involved with daily biological cycles Adrenal - has two parts Influences metabolism Influences part of Nervous system Hypothalamus – Controls involuntary Body functions Ovaries & Testicles – Influence female and Male characteristics

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Glands are found inside each other Butterfly shaped gland Found inside the neck Less then one once, (parathyroid) size of a grain of rice Thyroid cartilage covers the larynx Produces the prominence on the neck This is known as the Adams Apple

Roles and Functions of the Thyroid & Parathyroid Thyroids: Controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients Regulates metabolism Produces: Triiodothyonine (T3) Thyroxine (T4) Calcitonin  Parathyroids: Control the calcium in our bodies http://www.muschealth.com/video/default.aspx?videoId=10158

Triiodothyonine(T3) Iodine-rich and fuel metabolism Plays a role in growth, metabolism, and development Promotes normal growth of bones and increases strength and respiration. Maintain the rate that your body uses fats and carbohydrates

Thyroxine(T4) Regulate the body’s metabolic rate by forming RNA Production is controlled by Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Produced by the Pituitary Gland.

Calcitonin Regulates amount of calcium in blood Decrease bone destruction caused by cancer. Benefits disappear shortly after it has not been taken by the body. Produced by the cells of the thyroid.

Hyperthyroidism Overactive thyroid Swelling of the thyroid Causes Grave’s disease Toxic adenoma Plummer’s disease Thyroiditis Produces too much T4 Overactive thyroid Swelling of the thyroid Symptoms Sudden weight loss Appetite and amount of food intake remain the same or increase. Rapid heartbeat Nervous Anxiety and irritability Frequent bowel movements Sleeping difficulty, Skin thinning Hair-fine and brittle

Hypothyroidism Causes Autoimmune disease Hyperthyroidism treatment Radiation therapy Thyroid surgery Congenital Iodine deficient Underactive thyroid Glands fails to secrete T3 and T4 Symptoms Increased sensitivity to cold Constipation Weight gain Puffy face Pain, swelling or stiffness in joints Depression Impaired memory Dry skin Goitre-swelling that results in a bulge in the neck. May not notice at first, but over time signs become more apparent http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid -Animation

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Unique Facts Can be tested for hypothyroidism. To get rid of hyperthyroidism-use radioactive iodine/surgery/pills to kill swelling. Hypothyroidism can happen to women during or after their pregnancy. 14% of the population has one or two additional thyroid glands. The thyroid gland weighs one ounce

Concept Check 1. What is the difference between the Thyroid and the Parathyroid glands? The Thyroid gland: controls the rate at which the body produces energy from nutrients and regulates metabolism. The Parathyroid glands: Regulates the calcium in your body. 2. How many glands are there in the endocrine system? There are 9 glands

Concept Check Continued 3. What is the difference between T3, T4 and calcitonin? T3 maintains the rate at which your body uses fats and carbs T4 regulates your body’s metabolism by producing RNA Calcitonin regulates the amount of calcium in your body. 4. List three causes and symptoms for hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidsim. Hypothyroidism: Causes: Autoimmune disorder, hyperthyroidism treatment, thyroid surgery Symptoms: Increased sensitivity to cold, puffy face and constipation Hyperthyroidism: Causes: Grave’s disease, toxic adenoma and thyroiditis Symptoms: Weight loss, nervous, and rapid heartbeat

Works Cited BUPA. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.bupa.co.uk/individuals/health-information/directory/u/underactive-thyroid>. "Calcitonin Has the following Structural Formula:." Medical Look. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.medicalook.com/reviews/Calcitonin.html>. "Chemistry of Thyroid Hormones." Colorado Sate. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/chem.html>. "How Your Thyroid Works." Endocrine Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works>. "Hypothyroidism." Rapid Med. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.rapidmed.net/Hypothyroidism.html>. Lee Lerner, Ed K. "The Thyroid." Endocrine System. 4th ed. Vol. 2. N.p.: n.p., 2008. N. pag. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2830100850&v=2.1&u=riverdrhs_ca&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w>. Mayo Clinic Staff. "Hyperthyroidism: Causes." Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hyperthyroidism/DS00344/DSECTION=causes>. "Pregnancy Thyroid." Health Tap. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <https://www.healthtap.com/#topics/diagram-pathophysiology-of-hyperthyroidism>. Sandland, Di. "Hyperthyroidism." Find the Best. Find the Best, n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://medical-marijuana-dispensaries.findthebest.com/b/655/Medical-Marijuana-and-Acquired-Hyperthyroidism>. T4 and T3. Anesthetist. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Mar. 2013. <http://www.anaesthetist.com/icu/organs/endocr/thyroid/Findex.htm#thyfx.htm>. "Diagram of Endocrine Glands." Diagram of Endocrine Glands. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. "Endocrine System." Endocrine System. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2013. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg/250px-Illu_thyroid_parathyroid.jpg