Infectious Diseases

Infectious Diseases - A disease caused by an agent that can pass from one living thing to another Communicable disease – an infectious disease that is passed from one person to another.

What causes Inf.Dis. Bacteria - a type of microorganism that can cause disease. Strep throat, food poisoning, urinary tract infections. Viruses – a type of agent that can cause disease. Cold, flu, cold sores, measles, mono.

How are they spread Air Contact with contaminated objects Person to person Animals that spread disease Food and water

Defenses against infection Skin Chemical warfare on germs (sweat and oils produce acids that kill bacterial) Mucus membranes Stomach acids Helpful microorganisms Inflammations The immune system

Weapons T-cells – cells that regulate the action of the immune system Antibodies – substances that stick to the surface of pathogens slowing their action. B-cells – cells in the immune system that produce antibodies against infection

Immunization – injection of a small amount of a pathogen that will provide protection against an infectious disease. Antibiotics – drugs that kill or limit the growth of bacteria.

HIV

H – Human: virus can only infect humans I – Immuno-deficiency: the effect of the virus is to create a deficiency, a failure to work properly with the body’s immune system. V – Virus: one of its characteristics is that it is incapable reproducing by itself. It reproduces by taking over the machinery of the human cell

How is HIV spread Bodily Fluids Blood Semen Vaginal secretions Breast milk

Sexual Contact Sexual intercourse Oral sex Anal sex

Blood to Blood Contact Sharing needles or syringes Tattooing - Piercing Accidental needle stick in a medical setting

Incidental Cases Mother to baby during pregnancy and delivery Mother’s milk to baby During Dental Procedures

The following body fluids are NOT infectious Saliva Tears Sweat Feces Urine

Signs and symptoms HIV There are no true signs of having HIV. One may experience flu – like symptoms of chills, fever, night sweats, rashes, etc. Some will have no signs or symptoms.

How HIV Works HIV gets into the bloodstream HIV targets white blood cells (T4 cells) Virus slowly destroys T4 cells Forces T4 cells to make copies of HIV Eventually the cell dies Moves on to other T4 cells Can be up to 10 years before person shows signs

Phases of HIV infection Infection with no signs or symptoms HIV – does not mean AIDS Signs and symptoms AIDS – T4 cells are less than 200 cells per microliter of blood or serious conditions from long-term, damage to immune system Opportunistic Infections

Testing ELISA – blood test that identifies whether a person has antibodies for HIV Western Blot Test – done to confirm the results of the Elisa test. Incubation Window – it can take 6 wks to 6 mths for anti. to form after exposure to HIV. This test should be done at least 6 wks after a person is or thinks they are infected.

AIDS

A – Acquired: a condition one must acquire or get infected with. I – Immune: it affects the body’s immune system, the part of the body which usually works to fight off germs such as bacteria and viruses. D – Deficiency: makes it not work properly S – Syndrome: a group of symptoms

Signs and symptoms of AIDS There are no common signs or symptoms for AIDS People may experience opportunistic infections – when the immune system is weakened and can attack the body. EX.- pneumonia.

AIDS is not spread by: Casual contact – dry mouth kissing, hugging, being sneezed on or coughed on. Mosquito bites

How to Protect yourself Abstinence - 100% Have Safe Sex - Practice Monogamy – (when two people have intercourse with only each other for their entire lives). Don’t use dirty needles Get tested

Now that we have covered HIV and AIDS, What is the difference in them Now that we have covered HIV and AIDS, What is the difference in them? Are they the same thing? Why do these two things always get linked together? Is one more dangerous then the other?

Sexually Transmitted Disease STD Facts Sexually Transmitted Disease

What is an STD? Sexually Transmitted Disease - is serious, sometimes painful, and can cause a lot of serious damage.

How is STD Spread STD is spread during close, sexual activity. It is spread during vaginal, anal and oral sex. HIV and Hepatitis are also spread by contact with infected blood

Most STD germs need to live in warm, moist areas Most STD germs need to live in warm, moist areas. That’s why they infect the mouth, rectum and sex organs.

What to do Get checked out Don’t hope the STD will go away. It won’t!

What to watch for Women * burning or itching around your vagina * an unusual discharge or smell from your vagina. * pain in your pelvic area – the area between your belly button and sex organs * burning or itching around your vagina

* Bleeding from your vagina that is not your regular period. * Pain deep inside your vagina when you have sex.

What to watch for Men * a drip or discharge from the penis, sores, bumps, or redness.

Both men and women * Sores, bumps or blisters near your sex organs * burning and pain when you urinate or have a bowel movement *Need to urinate often

* a swelling or redness in your throat Continued …… * Itching around your sex organs * a swelling or redness in your throat * Flu-like feelings with fever, chills and aches

Continued…..men and women * swelling in your groin, the area around your sex organs

How to protect yourself Talk to your partner Look closely at your partner – signs of STD Use a latex condom Get checked

Protect yourself Know the signs and symptoms Get treated - don’t have sex until your treatment is complete. Your partner needs to be treated too.

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