Carbon Emissions. Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration Atmospheric increase = Emissions from fossil fuels + Net emissions from changes in land use.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 ACT AND ADAPT: CLIMATE CHANGE IN SCOTLAND Climate Change Division.
Advertisements

KYOTO PROTOCOL MECHANISMS EURASIA 歐亞 Solicitors and Advocates.
Climate Change - International Efforts. Direct Observation of Climate Change Source: IPCC 4AR.
AGEC/FNR 406 LECTURE 21 Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide,
Climate Change. Climate change: Changes in many climatic factors. Global warming: The rise in global temperatures.
The Politics of Global Climate Change Urs Luterbacher Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol Amy Braun Liliana Lavalle.
Discussion (1) Economic forces driving industrial development and environmental degradation (2) Scientific recognition and measurement of pollution (Who.
Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 13 Energy Calculation Review & Some Important Quantities.
Fossil Fuel Economy Current economic system is based on the extensive use of fossil fuels in production 87% 87% of world energy production – Petroleum:
Enter Climate Change Source: NASA Climate Change Cooperation.
The Economics of Global Warming
Basic Climate Change Science, Human Response and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Prepared for the National Workshop.
Global Warming – Causes & Effects Chapter 2 Section 2 p
International cooperation Part IV. The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Session 7.
International cooperation Part IV. The UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol Session 7.
Energy and Climate Outlook: 2012 Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Massachusetts Institute.
CARBON CREDITS.
Setting a GHG Emission Reduction Target Asher Burns-Burg ICF International.
Coal: A Climate Crisis How is America’s biggest energy source (and now China’s) affecting our planet?
Climate Change and the Clean Development Mechanism
Policies Against Global Warming
Should the U.S. ratify it? Daniela Sol 21 Oct PROTOCOL.
Introduction to Climate Change: - global warming - basis steps in a clean development project - connection of CDM with European Trading Scheme Wim Maaskant.
Carbon markets An international tool for cost-effective GHG mitigation.
Brief Overview of Legal Framework: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol M.J.Mace Climate Change and Energy Programme, FIELD LDC Workshop Nairobi, Kenya 2-3 November.
Origins of the CDM - Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Capacity Development for the Clean Development Mechanism (CD4CDM) Project 2 nd National Workshop.
Climatic Anomalies  Greenhouse effect vs Global warmingGreenhouse effect vs Global warming  Causes of global warmingCauses of global warming  Impacts.
Global Sustainable Development – a Physics Course or Sex, Lies, and Sustainable Development The transformation of an Environmental Physics Course for non-science.
AGEC/FNR 406 LECTURE 21 Atmospheric Concentrations of Carbon Dioxide,
Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 13 Global Warming.
Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: what does it mean for bioenergy and C sequestration? Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol: what does it mean for.
Global Sustainability: The Case for Collaboration Environmental Issues.
Innovative Sources of Funding for SLM:
SOGE, 05/16-17/05, Bonn, Germany Switzerland. SOGE, 05/16-17/05, Bonn, Germany Switzerland, as a Party to the UNFCCC and a member of the international.
Kyoto Protocol IDC3O3 Ms. Nguyen.
Convention of Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 Shaina Conners Period 6 4/30/2009.
National and Global Initiatives IB SL. International Policy The 1988 Toronto conference on climate change called for the reduction of CO 2 Emissions by.
Ch. 6. Externality Examples Cap and Trade –Acid rain and SO2 –CO2 and greenhouse gases.
THE UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE (FCCC) Historical Aspects: In 1990 the UN General Assembly established a Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee.
THE GLOBAL POLITICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE By Emil Salim Member of the President’s Council of Advisors Bali, 13 November 2007
Introduction to International Climate Change Law Prof. Tracy Hester Environmental Law Fall 2015 Houston, Texas October 13, 2015.
Global Warming (AKA Climate Change) By: Harsh Patel.
CARBON TRADING Presented by Arjun M Asma Ali Khan Atul S Ninu Elizabeth Paulson Nishal K M.
Kyoto Protocol. What is Kyoto protocol?  UN held a conference on environment (known as Earth Summit) in Brazil in ’92.  A treaty called United Nations.
Global Warming - 2 The difficult issues PowerPoint 97 PowerPoint 97 To download: Shift LeftClick Please respect copyright on this material.
Climate Change Mitigation: Some inputs for group discussion Hanoi, 10 June 2009 Nguyen Quang Tan RECOFTC – The Center for People and Forest.
The Politics of Climate Change. Climate change What prevents the international community from responding effectively to climate change? 4/16/2008Hans.
Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC October ,200 7 Economy and Society WG Delegation of Japan.
 Cap and Trade Application: Global Warming 6. 2.
Return to Home Page Return to Home Page GEOG 433, November 26, 2013, part 2.
Global climate change Topic 7 Part 2. The oceans and the carbon cycle.
Brief Overview of Legal Framework: UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol M.J.Mace Climate Change and Energy Programme, FIELD LDC Workshop Montreal Canada November.
Climate Change and Forestry —Possible Legal and Policy Instruments to Address Potential Effects of Forest Carbon Offsets Ding Zhi (Department of Law of.
World Regional Geography Unit I: Introduction to World Regional Geography Lesson 4: Solutions to Global Warming Debate.
Global Warming – Causes & Effects Chapter 2 Section 2 p
TRENDS, IMPLICATIONS AND POLICY RESPONSES 1 Climate Change.
Anthropogenic Radiative Forcing. Global Mean Surface Air Temperature.
Carbon credits presented To: Sir Zaheer Abbas. Tahir Mehmood Liaquat Ali Sami Ullah Muhammad Ijaz Muhammad Hanan.
Emission Trading: A New Commodity
Conference of Parties to United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change (UNFCCC): 21st Session (COP21) H.N.K.T.Dulani Assistant Director Climate.
National and Global Initiatives
KYOTO PROTOCOL.
Research, understand, and educate Adapt Mitigate
The Kyoto Protocol is a legally binding international
Convention of Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol of 1997
aka: “Climate Change” aka: “The Greenhouse Effect”
Kyoto Protocol.
2.5 Can we slow climate change?
Management strategies
Presentation transcript:

Carbon Emissions

Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration Atmospheric increase = Emissions from fossil fuels + Net emissions from changes in land use - Oceanic uptake - Terrestrial sinks

 Humans emit 24 billion tons per year.  60% stays in atmosphere  Increases atmospheric CO 2 by 0.4% / year.  25% increase from 280 ppm to 350 ppm Atmospheric CO 2

CO2  550 ppm to 1000 ppm in 2100

Temperature Increase: 1.5 o C – 6 o C by 2100

Adaptation and Mitigation

What are some adaptation steps?  Protect endangered species with larger refuges.  Avoid flooding risks.  Protect water supplies.  Protect grasslands and agricultural lands against overuse.

Mitigation  Protection of rainforests and other CO2 sinks.  Techniques to sequester CO2  Reduce CO2 emissions by reducing fossil fuel consumption

Mitigation: Carbon Sequestration

Mitigation: Reduce Fossil Fuel Emission We will address this issue in the remainder of the course.

Carbon Emission Coefficient (Million Metric Tons of Carbon/QBtu) Coal26 Oil19 Natural Gas14

Global Carbon Emission  Global Carbon Emission of C in the form of CO2: 6.6 billion metric tons  Convert to CO2: 44/12 x 6.6 billion metric tons = 24 billion metric tons

Calculate US Carbon Emissions US Carbon Emission = 26 MMT/QBtu x 22 QBtu + 19 MMT/QBtu x 38 Qbtu + 14 MMT/QBtu x 23 QBtu = 1.6 Billion Metric Tons

Calculate US Carbon Emissions US / Global = 1.6 BMT / 6.6 BMT = 24 % The US emits 24% of Global CO2.

Kyoto Protocol

Greenhouse Gases  The relative contribution of the major GHG to global warming are shown below: –CO284% –CH49% –N2O5%

CO2 emissions are associated with consumption of Fossil Fuels  US CO2 emissions are 24% of global emissions. –Global: 24,500 million tons –US: 5,800 million tons

Global CO2 emissions are increasing rapidly

The Kyoto Protocol is an International Treaty to Reduce GHG emission  Organized by the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change  Adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan  Will come into force early in 2005.

Annex I countries have a crucial role.  Between reduce their GHG emissions by 5% below 1990 levels.  Different countries would have different targets.  US had agreed to reduce by 7% below 1990 levels.  Countries may offset emissions by increasing sinks.

Annex I Countries  24 developed countries (OECD – Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)  European Union  14 countries with economies in transition. (e.g. Croatia)

Kyoto Treaty Ratification  127 parties have signed it.  Countries accounting for 55% of CO2 emissions in 1990 had to sign it for it to come into effect.  When Russia ratified it, the signatories represented 61% of 1990 emissions.  The US has not signed the treaty.

Developing Nations  Obligated to reduce GHG emissions.  Do not have specific emission reduction targets.  Treaty has provisions to help LDC reduce GHG emissions.

Innovative Mechanisms: Joint Implementation  An Annex I party develops a project that decreases emissions or increases sinks in another Annex I party.

Innovative Mechanisms: Clean Development Mechanism  An Annex I party implements CO2 sequestration or emission reduction projects in a non- Annex I party (e.g. reforestation in Costa Rica) and receives credits to meet its own targets.

Innovative Mechanisms: Emissions Trading  An Annex I party transfers some of its emissions to another country for a price. This process allows the free market to operate to reduce the cost of emissions reduction. Companies that broker deals already exist.

Why didn’t the US ratify Kyoto?  US energy-related CO2 emissions in 2010 are projected to be 34 percent above the 1990 level.  Emission reduction policy to reduce emissions would have significant impacts on the US economy.  No emission targets for China & India

What steps could the US take to reduce CO2 emissions?  We will look at this question in detail during the remainder of the semester.