Carrier Controls Demand Controlled Ventilation

Comfort = Temperature + Ventilation Comfort Is More Than Just The Right Temperature… Ventilation Control Why Ventilation?

Ventilation Control

Ventilation Provides Comfort Health & Safety Compliance Ventilation Control

The same way it was in With Fixed Ventilation! How is ventilation provided in most buildings today? Ventilation Control

Inefficient! Fixed Ventilation Building codes require ventilation rates based on cfm/person: (typically 20 cfm/person) Max Occupancy: 25 people = 500cfm Actual Occupancy: 5 people = 500cfm Actual Occupancy: 1 person = 500cfm Ventilation Control

Total Building Heating and Cooling Costs Ventilation Control Ventilation

Fixed Ventilation In a Multi-Zoned Building Total cfm = Max occupants X 20 cfm There Is No Control! Ventilation Control

Is There A Better Way? Ventilation Control

Temperature Control In A Multi-Zoned Building Measure In Each Zone Control Based On Actual Load What if we did the same thing with ventilation? Temperature Sensor Temperature + Ventilation Sensor Ventilation Control

Delivers The RIGHT Amount of Fresh Air, To The RIGHT Place, At The RIGHT Time… Great Idea! But How Does It Work? Zone Ventilation Control

Controlling Ventilation There is a clearly defined relationship between indoor CO 2 levels & ventilation rates established by: Indoor CO 2 levels are a measure of ventilation rates (cfm/person) ASHRAE 62.1 & 90.1ASTM CO 2 & Ventilation Standard CO 2 is the control parameter for ventilation! Zone Ventilation Control

Actual Occupancy 25 people = 500cfmActual Occupancy 5 people = 100cfmActual Occupancy 1 person = 20cfm Ventilation based on actual occupancy! Zone Ventilation Control Single Zone Ventilation

Multi Zoned Ventilation Control In a Building Healthy & Efficient! Zone Ventilation Control

OK! But How Does Carrier Do It? Zone Ventilation Control

PremierLink The innovative DDC control system that automatically gives you the ventilation you need only when you really need it, with a thermostat or network. Carrier DCV Rooftop Controller Comfort System

Here’s how it works… Individual sensors throughout the building work together to identify and immediately respond to changing needs for total comfort control. CO 2 (People Meters) PremierLink Carrier DCV

As certain areas become occupied, the PremierLink identifies the changing temperature load as well as the change in ventilation requirements. PremierLink Carrier DCV

Outside air dampers are utilized only as deemed necessary by actual occupant CO 2 levels (rather than maximum assumed levels), thus reducing energy consumption by the HVAC system. PremierLink Carrier DCV

VAV CO Mechanical Engineers Handbook Explains relationship between CO 2 and ventilation 1929 NY Building code details CO 2 levels shall not be greater than one part in one thousand 1973 Energy crunch introduce VAV system for commercial buildings 1989 ASHRAE Standard sets 1000 PPM maximum 1997 Interpretation IC clarifies use of CO 2 as a method of controlling ventilation based on occupancy 1999 ASHRAE eliminates 1000 PPM CO 2 threshold inside/outsid e differential introduced 1999 ComfortID introduced zone level DCV 2000 Carrier introduces low cost temp/CO 2 sensor Timeline Carrier DCV

Understanding CO 2 People exhale CO 2 at concentrations of 4% (40,000 ppm) Normal room concentrations are in the range of ppm As a gas, CO 2 diffuses and equalizes rapidly throughout a room Carrier DCV

CO 2 & Occupancy CO 2 production by people is very predictable based on activity level Doubling the people in a room will double CO 2 production Carrier DCV

CO 2 Equilibrium Levels 5 cfm/person 10 cfm/person 15 cfm/person 20 cfm/person 30 cfm/person CO2 levels will build until an equilibrium level is reached with outside air entering the space Carrier DCV

This chart compares ventilation usage throughout a typical day using purple to represent “demand controlled” and green to represent “constant.” The difference between the two equates to significant savings. PremierLink Ventilation Savings Carrier DCV

CO2 Plus Temp Sensor First Cost Effective Zone Level CO2 + Temp Sensor Thermistor Night Setback Override Removable Terminal Strips Patented NDIR Technology RJ-14 for CCN Connection Micro Based Self Calibration Slide Pot Option Push Button Calibration Sensor Technology Sensor Technology

NDIR Gas Sensing Target gas absorbs radiation at signature wavelength Filter isolates wavelength that reaches detector More gas in chamber leads to lower signal to detector IR Source WavelengthFilter IR Detector IR Source WavelengthFilter IR Detector IR Source WavelengthFilter IR Detector 0 ppm CO ppm CO PPM CO2 Sensor Technology Sensor Technology

Advantages of IR Sensing 1.25" Custom Designed Infrared Filter Patented Waveguide Incandescent Infrared Source Microprocessor Diffusion Membranes Micro-Machined Thermopile Detector Long life (15 years expected) Selective - no interference with other gases Stable - does not require calibration Sensor Technology Sensor Technology

Self Calibration Of A CO 2 Sensor Automatic Baseline Calibration (ABC Logic) Self calibrating algorithm Considers lowest CO2 level every 24 hrs Looks at long term changes in baseline Applies a correction factor for calibration Sensor Technology Sensor Technology

ABC Logic at Work Sensor Technology Sensor Technology

CODE COMPLIANCE… “ Current technology (CO 2 sensors) can permit the design of ventilation systems that are capable of detecting the occupant load of the space and automatically adjusting the ventilation rate accordingly.” International Mechanical Code: Model, State & Local Codes Can Be Measured & Documented! Compliance Assured… Zone Ventilation Control Accepted by: ASHRAE Standard 62

Increases Productivity Improves Occupant/Customer Satisfaction Helps Prevent Sick Building Syndrome Health Affects “Air Quality and Ventilation” ranked very high (#2 of 25) on the list of tenant retention issues in a recent survey conducted by Real Estate Information Systems. “Air Quality and Ventilation” ranked very high (#2 of 25) on the list of tenant retention issues in a recent survey conducted by Real Estate Information Systems. Economic Considerations of Air Quality and Ventilation in Offices (US EPA) Improvements in the indoor air environment substantially increase employee moral and productivity. Economic Considerations of Air Quality and Ventilation in Offices (US EPA) Improvements in the indoor air environment substantially increase employee moral and productivity. DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Evaluation of Sick Leave Statistics vs. Ventilation Rates (3720 employees / 40 buildings): Optimal ventilation reduces sick time costs. For every $1 spent to increase ventilation cost, $2 are saved in sick time DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Evaluation of Sick Leave Statistics vs. Ventilation Rates (3720 employees / 40 buildings): Optimal ventilation reduces sick time costs. For every $1 spent to increase ventilation cost, $2 are saved in sick time Numerous Studies Confirm That Correct Ventilation... DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Indoor Environment In Schools Pupils Health & Performance In Regard To CO 2 Concentrations A significant correlation was found between decreased performance and high CO 2 levels (lower ventilation rates). DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Indoor Environment In Schools Pupils Health & Performance In Regard To CO 2 Concentrations A significant correlation was found between decreased performance and high CO 2 levels (lower ventilation rates). Zone Ventilation Control

Ensure for every zone… Comfort Health & Safety Compliance Zone Ventilation Control

A Better Operating Building Ventilate to Actual vs. Assumed Occupancy Eliminate Wasteful Over- Ventilation Very Attractive ROI/Lower Operating Costs Zone Ventilation Control