Global trends in air-sea CO 2 fluxes based on in situ and satellite products Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML ACE Ocean Productivity and Carbon Cycle (OPCC) Workshop.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

An example of a large-scale interdisciplinary carbon problem Multidecadal climate variability Atmospheric evidence Ocean source? (upwelling, biological.

Advertisements

Emissions in GEMS Data on emissions are needed for the 4 sub-systems GHG, GRG, AER and RAQ GEMS Project has dedicated tasks for emissions and surface fluxes.

Some questions in current climate and CO 2 studies.

Global modelled ocean sources and sinks 1.Bergen: Karen Assmann & Christoph Heinze 2.CSIRO: Andrew Lenton 3.ETH: Heather X & Niki Gruber 4.LSCE: Laurent.

Oceanic sources and sinks for atmospheric CO 2 Nicolas Gruber (1), S.E Mikaloff-Fletcher (1), A.Jacobson (2), M. Gloor (2), J. L. Sarmiento (2), T. Takahashi.

1 Margaret Leinen Chief Science Officer Climos Oceans: a carbon sink or sinking ecosystems?

- Perspectivas actuales en el estudio de la evolución del CO2 en la superficie del océano => case studies - Perspectivas actuales en el estudio de la.

REMOTE SENSING OF SOUTHERN OCEAN AIR-SEA CO 2 FLUXES A.J. Vander Woude Pete Strutton and Burke Hales.

GHG Verification & the Carbon Cycle 28 September 2010 JH Butler, NOAA CAS Management Group Meeting Page 1 Global Monitoring, Carbon Cycle Science, and.

1 st Joint GOSUD/SAMOS Workshop The Florida State University 1 Sensitivity of Surface Turbulent Fluxes to Observational Errors  or.

Experiments with Monthly Satellite Ocean Color Fields in a NCEP Operational Ocean Forecast System PI: Eric Bayler, NESDIS/STAR Co-I: David Behringer, NWS/NCEP/EMC/GCWMB.

Ocean Circulation And Current Carbon Cycle For more detail see the course materials for Lynne Talley’s Course at SIO.

Combined Active & Passive Rain Retrieval for QuikSCAT Satellite Khalil A. Ahmad Central Florida Remote Sensing Laboratory University of Central Florida.

Ocean Fluxes in CarbonTracker Andy Jacobson, Taro Takahashi, Colm Sweeney, David Ho, Roger Dargaville, and Rik Wanninkhof Andy Jacobson, Wouter Peters,

Using Scatterometers and Radiometers to Estimate Ocean Wind Speeds and Latent Heat Flux Presented by: Brad Matichak April 30, 2008 Based on an article.

Simulations of carbon transport in CCM3: uncertainties in C sinks due to interannual variability and model resolution James Orr (LSCE/CEA-CNRS and IPSL,

GOES-R 3 : Coastal CO 2 fluxes Pete Strutton, Burke Hales & Ricardo Letelier College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University 1. The.

Determining the magnitude and variability of the anthropogenic CO 2 uptake rate by the oceans. Dick Feely (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO) Chris Sabine (NOAA/PMEL/JISAO)

The Anthropogenic Ocean Carbon Sink Alan Cohn March 29, 2006

SOURCES PUITS CO 2 Global Budget (GtC yr -1 ) (1 GtC = gC)

Ocean-Atmosphere Carbon Flux: What to Consider Scott Doney (WHOI) ASCENDS Science Working Group Meeting (February 2012; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center)

Southern Ocean Air-Sea Flux Observations Eric Schulz, CAWCR, BoM.

1 Oceanic sources and sinks for atmospheric CO 2 The Ocean Inversion Contribution Nicolas Gruber 1, Sara Mikaloff Fletcher 2, and Kay Steinkamp 1 1 Environmental.

Climate and the Carbon Cycle Gretchen Keppel-Aleks California Institute of Technology 16 October 2010.

GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in.

Dr. Nicholas R. Bates Bermuda Biological Station For Research Twenty Years of Oceanic CO 2 Observations in the North Atlantic Ocean at the BATS site.

Climate Change – 1: Background

Calculating the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide absorbed by the oceans Helen Kettle & Chris Merchant School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh,

The Global Ocean Carbon Cycle Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML Annual OCO review, June 2007: Celebrating Our Past, Observing our Present, Predicting our Future:

Ocean Carbon Cycle Figure credit US-OCB Program.

Climate modeling: where are we headed? Interactive biogeochemistry Large ensemble simulations (multi-century) Seasonal-interannual forecasts High resolution.

Satellite observations of coastal pCO 2 and air-sea flux of carbon dioxide Presenter: Steven E. Lohrenz Department of Marine Science The University of.

DECADAL CHANGES IN OCEAN CARBON UPTAKE C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, G.C. Johnson, R. Wanninkhof, F.J. Millero, A.G. Dickson, N. Gruber, R. Key and P. Covert.

Understanding uncertainties and feedbacks Jagadish Shukla CLIM 101: Weather, Climate and Global Society Lecture 15: 22 Oct, 2009.

Understanding the Ocean Carbon Cycle from Atmospheric Measurements of O 2 and CO 2 Andrew Manning, UEA, UK.

How ocean CO 2 fluxes are estimated/measured Colm Sweeney [ ] Princeton University and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.

Impact of Wind and Ice Biases on the Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Uptake Jessica Rudd Joellen Russell, Ph.D. & Paul Goodman, Ph.D. Department of Geosciences,

Assessment of the current ocean carbon sink and its implications for climate change and mitigation Arne Körtzinger IFM-GEOMAR Kiel, Germany Most relevant.

Closing the Global Bomb Radiocarbon Budget Tobias Naegler 1,2, Vago Hesshaimer 1, and Ingeborg Levin 1 1 Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Heidelberg,

Research Needs for Decadal to Centennial Climate Prediction: From observations to modelling Julia Slingo, Met Office, Exeter, UK & V. Ramaswamy. GFDL,

Current developments and future opportunities for the Global Ocean Carbon Observing Network Christopher Sabine, Richard Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Steve Hankin.

2006 OCRT Meeting, Providence Assessment of River Margin Air-Sea CO 2 Fluxes Steven E. Lohrenz, Wei-Jun Cai, Xiaogang Chen, Merritt Tuel, and Feizhou Chen.

Measuring and monitoring ocean CO 2 sources and sinks Andrew Watson.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Soil Moisture Active and.

Nicholas R. Bates Bermuda Biological Station For Research (BBSR) Uptake and Storage of CO 2 in Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) of the North Atlantic Ocean.

Climate Modeling Research & Applications in Wales John Houghton C 3 W conference, Aberystwyth 26 April 2011.

Ocean Surface heat fluxes

European Union integrated project no Variation in atmosphere-ocean fluxes of CO 2 in the Atlantic Ocean: first results from the Carbo-Ocean observing.

Fundamental Dynamics of the Permafrost Carbon Feedback Schaefer, Kevin 1, Tingjun Zhang 1, Lori Bruhwiler 2, and Andrew Barrett 1 1 National Snow and Ice.

GOOS/GCOS measurements of near-surface currents Rick Lumpkin National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Atlantic Oceanographic.

Overview CARBOOCEAN EU FP6 Integrated Project CARBOOCEAN ”Marine carbon sources and sinks assessment” 3rd Annual Meeting – Bremen Germany 4-7 December.

Surface Ocean pCO 2 and Air-Sea CO 2 -exchange in Coupled Models Birgit Schneider 1*, Laurent Bopp 1, Patricia Cadule 1, Thomas Frölicher 2, Marion Gehlen.

Impact of climate change on the global oceanic sink of CO 2 Corinne Le Quéré, University of East Anglia and British Antarctic Survey.

What can we learn about biological production and air-sea carbon flux in the Southern Ocean from 12 years of observations in the Drake Passage? Colm Sweeney.

Precipitation Effects on Turbulence and Salinity Dilution in the Near Surface Ocean Christopher J. Zappa Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University,

Magdalena D. Anguelova Michael H. Bettenhausen Michael H. Bettenhausen William F. Johnston William F. Johnston Peter W. Gaiser Peter W. Gaiser Whitecap.

1. Analysis and Reanalysis Products

Seasonal Forecast of Antarctic Sea Ice

The Human Component of the Global Carbon Cycle

A Fear-Inspiring Intercomparison of Monthly Averaged Surface Forcing

Pre-anthropogenic C cycle and recent perturbations

Mesoscale Ocean Processes

Shuyi S. Chen, Ben Barr, Milan Curcic and Brandon Kerns

EVSC 1300 Global Warming.

Coastal CO2 fluxes from satellite ocean color, SST and winds

The Oceanic Sink Uptake in the mixed layer

The HOAPS-3 climatology

Global Warming Problem

The global carbon cycle for the 1990s, showing the main annual fluxes in GtC yr–1: pre-industrial ‘natural’ fluxes in black and ‘anthropogenic’ fluxes.

The global carbon cycle for the 1990s, showing the main annual fluxes in GtC yr–1: pre-industrial ‘natural’ fluxes in black and ‘anthropogenic’ fluxes.

Presentation transcript:

Global trends in air-sea CO 2 fluxes based on in situ and satellite products Rik Wanninkhof, NOAA/AOML ACE Ocean Productivity and Carbon Cycle (OPCC) Workshop - June 6-8,UC Santa Barbara

Sea surface temperature (SST) Wind speed CCMP (Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform wind product) [Atlas et al., 2011] Sea-air CO 2 Flux = K 0 × k × Δ pCO 2 [Takahashi et al., 2009] OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Methods: ΔpCO 2 climatology k 660 = 0.251

Wind k  pCO 2 Air-Sea CO 2 Flux SST Transport Biology Wind Waves Bubbles Surface Film Near Surface Turbulence Bock et al. (1999) OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Factors influencing CO 2 flux estimates

OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Data coverage T-09 climatology

A Multi-national Effort: England USA France Netherlands Germany Spain China Japan Tasmania Norway And more… Complete Data Set: 1968– M points Our contribution: 3M points OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Surface Ocean Carbon Atlas (SOCAT)

OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Remote sensing Wind: CCMP 6-hr ¼˚ k 660 = based on global 14 C constraint Gas transfer velocity

OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Global 14 C constraint Broecker and Peng (1994) Transfer velocity k av = 17.5 cm/hr u 2 = 69.3 (m/s) 2 u mean ≈ 7.4 m/s Semi-infinite Half space Bomb 14 C inventory constraint Globally: a = Constant

OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Relationship of k and U 10 Good agreement with global bomb 14 C constraint and local studies Ho et al. 2011

Uncertainty in different components of the flux estimate (adapted from section 6, T- 09) Takahashi et al. (2009)RECCAP (2011) Pg C yr -1 %Pg C yr- 1 %Pg C yr- 1 Net flux ∆pCO 2 ±0.18 ±13%±0.18 k ±0.42 ± 30%±0.2 Wind (U)±0.28 ± 20%±0.2 a ±0.5 ± 35%±0.5 Total±0.7 ± 53%. ±0.6 Under-sampling bias Pre-industrial sea-air flux 0.4 ± ± 0.2 Anthropogenic CO 2 flux-2.0 ± ± 0.8 OPPC OPPC Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Climatological Magnitude and Uncertainty

Temperature (C)-2 –30 (  ln pCO 2 /  T) = o C % VariableRangeRelationEffect TCO 2 (  mol kg -1 ) (  ln pCO 2 /  Tln TCO 2 ) = % Alkalinity(  mol kg -1 )* (  ln pCO 2 /  Tln TALK) = % Salinity(  mol kg -1 )* (  ln pCO 2 /  Tln S) = 0.94 ~10% *Alkalinity and salinity are proportional and can be accounted for OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Factors influencing surface water pCO 2

Annual uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 since 1960 from models. The absolute uptake (solid line, left axis) has increased over time while the fraction of uptake (=ocean uptake/fossil fuel CO 2 release *100) (dashed line, right axis) has decreased. Data are obtained from (Le Quéré et al., 2009). OPPC OPPC Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes: Model and atm. based estimates of trends

OPCC OPCC Sea-Air CO 2 : Flux variability Trends F ym = k ym K 0 ym {[ΔpCO m + (δpCO 2SW / δSST) 2000m × ΔSST ym – 2000m ] }, (δpCO 2SW / δSST) 2000m : Optimal subannual relationships for each 4˚ by 5˚ grid box Park et al. Tellus B 2010:Variability of global net sea-air CO 2 fluxes over the last three decades using empirical relationships

The linear regressions (solid line) for the flux are 0.009± Pg C yr -1, respectively. The 20-years mean values for the flux is -1.12± 0.13 Pg C, respectively. Decrease in uptake due to winds and SST feedbacks OPCC OPCC Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Trends Sea-air CO 2 Flux = K 0 × k × Δ pCO 2

OPCC OPCC Global Ocean Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes Remote sensing How can we quantify the impact of [remotely measured] biological processes on ∆pCO 2 ?  Regional approach  Multi-sensor  Melding in situ and remotely sensed information

Annual uptake of anthropogenic CO 2 since 1960 from models. The absolute uptake (solid line, left axis) has increased over time while the fraction of uptake (=ocean uptake/fossil fuel CO 2 release *100) (dashed line, right axis) has decreased. Data are obtained from (Le Quéré et al., 2009). OPCC OPCC Sea-Air CO 2 Fluxes: IPCC estimates

Figure 4. Zonal wind comparison of several global wind products for the year The differences of up to 2 m/s are observed but the biases are not always consistent between high and low latitudes. (Figure courtesy of C. Sweeney).CCMP = Cross Calibrated Multi- Platform winds (Atlas et al., 2011); ECWMF =European Center for Medium Weather Forecasting; NCEP = National Center for Environmental Prediction; QSCAT = QuikSCAT polar orbiting satellite with an 1800 km wide measurement swath on the earth's surface equipped with the microwave scatterometer SeaWinds OPCC OPCC Sea-Air CO 2 : Global Winds