TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Terralog Technologies USA, Inc. BP Hydrogen Energy CO2 Project

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Hydrogen Energy is a joint venture between BP and Rio Tinto California project using petroleum coke to manufacture hydrogen for 250MW power plant Capture 1,000,000 metric tons per year CO2 from power plant and sequester underground

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Study areas for siting the power plant included the Los Angeles basin, Ventura basin and southern San Joaquin basin

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Evaluate existing large oil fields and saline aquifers for injection potential Geology of southern California ideal for sequestration: Thick, deep marine sandstones that provide petroleum reservoirs Regional shales overlying sands that act as seals Geologic structures (anticlinal folds, faults) that provide traps

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Oil Fields Describe the geology Wells and production history (oil & gas produced and estimated reserves) Potential CO2 sequestration targets (typically below 3000ft depth) Injection capacity

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations L.A. Basin Salt Lake San Vicente Beverly Hills Sawtell e Cheviot Hills Los Angeles Las Cienegas Inglewood Playa Del Rey Potrero El Segundo Rosecrans Dominguez 275 million bbl 275 million bbl Bandini Montebello Santa Fe Springs 624 million bbl 624 million bbl Whittier Sansinena Brea Olinda Yorba Linda Kraemer Coyote Richfield Torrance, 225 million bbl Long Beach Oil Field, 1 billion bbl Seal Beach Oil Field, 211 million bbl Belmont Offshore Huntington Beach, 1.3 billion Newport Wilmington Oil Field 2.6 billion bbl 2.6 billion bbl 1.4 Offshore 1.2 Onshore Pacific Ocean Scale in Miles N California LOCATION MAP LA Basin Oil Production: 8.7 billion bbl LOCATION MAP LA Basin Oil Production: 8.7 billion bbl Initial study in the Los Angeles Basin, for the BP refinery at Carson, CA, near the Wilmington oil field

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Wilmington Oil Field Example Structure and stratigraphy

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations ZoneThickness (ft)Area (mm ft2)Volume (mm ft3)Porosity (%)Permeability (md) Upper Terminal , Lower Terminal , Union Pacific , Ford , , Potential injection zones in the Wilmington field. Area calculated from structure map. Thickness, porosity, permeability data from California Department of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Injection volume calculations for the Wilmington oil field Increasing pressure and temperature Field/Area Formation / Zone Depth (ft) Thicknes s (ft) Area (E6 ft2) Porosit y (%) Pore Vol (ft3) Pore Vol (m3) Pressure (psi) Pressure (Mpa) Temp (deg F) Temp (degree C) Liq CO2 (1000 kg) 1000 kg at 5% Saturatio n Sequestratio n Vol. (1000kg) Wilmington Oil Field(combined)Up Terminal % 3.73E E E E+07 Low Terminal % 4.32E E E E+07 Union Pacific % 7.18E E E E+06 Ford % 1.43E E E E % 7.45E E E E E+07 Total E E E E+07

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Estimated potential mass storage for all studied oil fields assuming 100% displacement of fluids and 5% total CO2 saturation by volume Assume CO2 density is about equal to critical point density (464kg/m3)

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 100% displacement

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Potential mass CO2 storage assuming 5% sautration

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Saline Aquifers Large, deep sedimentary basins Describe geology based on wildcat wells and published studies Potential targets larger, deeper than oil field targets Estimate volume

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations In Los Angeles basin, studied the Central Trough area and offshore Wilminton Graben Central Trough Wilmington Graben Carson Refinery

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Formation/ Zone Depth (ft) Thickness (ft) Area (E6 ft2) Porosity (%) Pore Vol (ft3) Pore Vol (m3) Liq CO2 (1000 kg) 1000kg at 5% saturation Puente %5.28E E E E+08 Topanga Gp %2.46E E E E+08 Estimated volume for the Central Trough Field/Area Formation / Zone Depth (ft) Thicknes s (ft) Area (E6 ft2) Porosit y (%) Pore Vol (ft3) Pore Vol (m3) Pressure (psi) Pressure (Mpa) Temp (deg F) Temp (degree C) Liq CO2 (1000 kg) 1000 kg at 5% Saturatio n Sequestratio n Vol. (1000kg) Wilmington Oil Field(combined)Up Terminal % 3.73E E E E+07 Low Terminal % 4.32E E E E+07 Union Pacific % 7.18E E E E+06 Ford % 1.43E E E E % 7.45E E E E E+07 Total E E E E+07 Estimated volume for the Wilmington Oil Field

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Structure contour map on the top of Miocene sediments Created from offshore seismic surveys

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Elk Hills Oil Field 1,300,000Mbbl oil produced; 107,000Mbbl reserves 2,150,000MMcf gas produced; 707,000MMcf reserves 1,300,000MMcf gas injected (PM); 1,100,000Mbbl water/steam injected (WF)

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Hydrogen Power Plant Elk Hills Location of plant north of Elk Hills CO2 used for EOR Waste water injected at site 40 wells injecting 200,000bbl water/day

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations 1.Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Los Angeles and Ventura Basins 2.Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Wilmington Graben 3.Preliminary Review of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Huntington Beach Offshore Oil Field 4.Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Carson Refinery Area and Selected Saline Aquifers in the Los Angeles Basin 5.Geological Evaluation of CO2 Sequestration Potential in the San Joaquin Valley 6.Geology of the Proposed BP Hydrogen Power Plant Area and Suitability for Large Volume Wastewater Injection 7.Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential in the Ventura Basin 8.Geological Evaluation of the CO2 Sequestration Potential of Saline Aquifers in the Southern San Joaquin Basin

TTI CO2 Sequestration in Geologic Formations Prepared US EPA Class V Injection Permit Application for injection at the BP Carson Refinery including: Geology Numerical Modeling for Injection Area of Review Well Design and Construction Surface Equipment Design Monitoring Systems and Plan