CELLULAR ENERGY PART I PHOTOSYNTHESIS

[PHOTOSYNTHESIS] 6 CO H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O O2O2 Carbon Dioxide + Water makes Glucose Sugar & Oxygen (What goes in!) (What is made!) Plants make their own food (sugar) by combining carbon dioxide gas and water. PHOTOSYNTHESIS means “to make with light” in Root Words. That is because plants need light energy to combine the water and carbon dioxide.

HOW PLANTS GET THEIR MATERIALS TO MAKE SUGAR Sunlight hits the leaves and a green pigment called CHLOROPHYLL traps the light’s energy.

HOW PLANTS GET THEIR MATERIALS TO MAKE SUGAR Roots pull water up from the soil.

HOW PLANTS GET THEIR MATERIALS TO MAKE SUGAR Carbon Dioxide gas enters by diffusion through openings in the leaves called STOMATA. CO 2

HOW PLANTS GET THEIR MATERIALS TO MAKE SUGAR Carbon Dioxide gas enters by diffusion through openings in the leaves called STOMATA. CO 2 Roots pull water up from the soil. Sunlight hits the leaves and a green pigment called CHLOROPHYLL traps the light’s energy.

PLANT PIGMENTS §Plants can have many different kinds of pigments, or colored chemical compounds. §The Most Important is CHLOROPHYLL: the GREEN GREEN pigment used by plants to capture light energy. §Other pigments can include Orange Orange carotene (like “carrot”) and Yellow Yellow xanthophyll.

CHLOROPHYLL Chlorophyll is found inside the CHLOROPLAST, a membrane bound organelle. Chlorophyll’s job is to trap the light energy from the sun. CHLOROPLAST

Let’s Look Inside!

CHLOROPLAST Inside of Chloroplast

CHLOROPLAST STROMA: a gelatinous material THYLAKOID MEMBRANES stacked together to form GRANA

LIGHT REACTION GRANA capture the sunlight energy. This energy is used to split water molecules. This is called HYDROLYSIS. The Hydrogen moves into the STROMA, and the Oxygen is released as a gaseous waste. H+ O2O2 O2O2 O2O2

LIGHT REACTION H+ O2 This is called the LIGHT REACTION because it cannot happen without light.

DARK REACTION The reactions that occur in the STROMA do not require light. Hydrogen from the Grana and CO 2 from the air are chemically bonded in a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle or DARK REACTIONS. GLUCOSE Sugar is the end product and the whole purpose of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

DARK REACTION CO 2 H+ Hydrogen from the Grana and CO 2 from the air are chemically bonded in a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle or DARK REACTIONS. GLUCOSE Sugar is the end product and the whole purpose of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

DARK REACTION CO 2 H+ Hydrogen from the Grana and CO 2 from the air are chemically bonded in a series of reactions called the Calvin Cycle or DARK REACTIONS. GLUCOSE Sugar is the end product and the whole purpose of PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

GLUCOSE PRODUCTION C 6 H 12 O 6 The final step is to move Glucose out of the Chloroplast and into the plant cells for use as FOOD for energy.

REVIEW PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO 2 + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O6 + O 2 The light reaction takes place in the GRANA STACKS. The light energy is used to split water, or HYDROLYSIS. The Hydrogen moves out to the STROMA. The Oxygen gas leaves the plant as a waste product.

REVIEW PHOTOSYNTHESIS CO 2 + H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O6 + O 2 The Dark Reaction takes place in the STROMA. Hydrogen from the Light Reaction is combined with Carbon Dioxide gas from outside the leaf. After a series of chemical reactions, GLUCOSE is made and released from the Chloroplast for plant use.

WHAT DO PLANTS DO WITH GLUCOSE? Photosynthesis is rapid, and glucose can be produced almost instantly after sunlight has hit a leaf. Light from the sun takes 8 minutes to reach a plant on Earth. Once Glucose is made, a plant can use the energy stored in glucose to do many things.... MAKE NEW CELLS REPRODUCE MORE PLANTS GROW BIGGER MAKE FLOWERS GROW LONGER ROOTS MAKE THORNS TO PROTECT ITSELF

THE END OF PART I STAY TUNED FOR PART II GLUCOSE, WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR?