Volcanic ash and aerosol detection versus dust detection using GOES and MODIS imagery Bernadette Connell Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University 2nd International Conference on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety June 21-24, 2004 Alexandria, Virginia, USA
Main Features “Easy” to implement techniques: BT 11.0um -BT 12.0um BT 11.0um -BT 3.9um (night) Estimated “reflected” 3.9um (day) False color 3.9/11.0/12.0um product BT 8.5um -BT 12.0um (ash and/or aerosol) Examples of volcanic constituents vs. dust with GOES and MODIS data
Ash/Dust in the 3.9 – 11.0 um range DAY: higher reflectance for ash/dust clouds and water droplets; lower reflectance for ice particles NIGHT: BT BT 3.9 = negative for thin ash/dust clouds = negative for ice cloud = positive for water cloud Volcanic Aerosol vs. Ash/Dust in the 8.5 – 12.0 um range BT 8.3um – BT 12.0um = negative for SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 BT 8.3um – BT 12.0um = negative for silicates, but sensitive to particle size. Ash/Dust in the 11.0 – 12.0 um range BT 11.0um -BT 12.0um = negative for ash/dust = positive for ice/water cloud
Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico 22 January, :45 UTC GOES-8 imagery Visible3.9 um 10.7 um
Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico 22 January, :45 UTC GOES-8 imagery
GOES imagery and products 23 January :45 UTC Popocatepetl, Mexico 10.7 umBT BT 3.9 BT BT 12.0 False color: 10.9/BT BT 12.0 /BT BT 3.9
GOES-8 BT BT 12.0 MODIS Terra BT BT 12.0 MODIS Terra BT 8.5 -BT 12.0 Popocatepetl, Mexico 22 January, :45 UTC GOES, 04:50 UTC MODIS
18 April, :30 UTC DUST detection with GOES imagery visible 10.7 um BT BT 12.0 Reflectance
DUST detection 18 April, :30 UTC MODIS Aqua true colorGOES-8 BT BT 12.0 MODIS Aqua BT BT 12.0 MODIS Aqua BT 8.5 -BT 12.0
Summary remarks and points to ponder Variability of eruption cloud: If multi-channel imagery is available, use it! What is the significance of large (or small) BT BT 12.0 ? What are we seeing using the 8.x um region (ash/dust/aerosol)? How can we best combine this information with other information on SO 2 detection?