Saline Water Conversion Corporation DESALINATION IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA: CURRENT PRACTICE AND FUTURE TRENDS By Dr. Ahmed Alarifi Saline Water Conversion Corporation Monday, 17 June 2013

Main Challenges Facing Water and Desalination Sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Rapid increase in population, increase in water demand, industrialization and high per-capita consumption Decommissioning of existing desalination plants in the near future. 4 1 3 2 Limited natural water sources; Widening the gap between water demand and supply Large investments for new desalination projects

To Overcome the Shortage of Water Desalinated water is an important contributor to alleviate water shortage. Today’s world contracted capacity of desalinated plants is 80.2 million m3/day and commissioned capacity 74.6 million m3/day. 632 new plants were added last year (mid 2011 to August 2012) in the world Scarcity of fresh water resources is a major challenge facing Saudi Arabia so Desalination is a strategic industry for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Water Demand in 2011

Desalination Growth in Saudi Arabia

Global desalination and KSA share: 18% of global output

Total Installed Desalination Capacity by Region, Worldwide

Saline Water Conversion Corporation (SWCC)

Top 5 plants by capacity, with current status Ras Alkhair, Saudi Arabia Shoaiba 3, Saudi Arabia Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia Jubal Ali Station, UAE AlFujairah2, UAE 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 m3/day

Installed Capacity (m3/day) Existing Plants Type of Technology Installed Capacity MW Installed Capacity (m3/day) Year of Commission Plant Name Location # Single Purpose (MED) - 9,000 2009 Alwajih (3) Alwajih 1 Single Purpose (MSF) 11 22,886 1986 Khafji (2) Khafji 2 Single Purpose (RO) 4,400 Umlujj (2) Umlujj 3 Umlujj (3) 4 Farasan (2) Farasan 5 18,000 Rabigh (2) Rabigh 6 1989 Duba (3) Duba 7 2,270 1983 ALBirk 8 4,500 1987 ALAzizih 9 1990 Haql 10 2008 ALQunfutha ALlith 12 Dual Purpose (MSF) 710 223,000 Khobar (2) Khobar 13 479 280,000 2000 Khobar (3) 14

Installed Capacity (m3/day) Existing Plants Type of Technology Installed Capacity MW Installed Capacity (m3/day) Year of Commission Plant Name Location # Dual Purpose (MSF) 360 137,729 1982 Jubail (1) Jubail 15 1225 947,890 1983 Jubail (2) 16 Single Purpose (RO) - 90,909 2000 Jubail (RO) 17 357 108,074 1981 Yanbu (1) Yanbu 18 150 144,000 1998 Yanbu (2) 19 128,182 Yanbu (RO) 20 256 88,357 1979 Jeddah (3) Jeddah 21 590 221,575 Jeddah (4) 22 56,800 1989 Jeddah (RO1) 23 1994 Jeddah (RO2) 24 240,000 2013 Jeddah (RO3) 25 263 223,000 Shoaiba (1) Shoaiba 26 520 454,545 2001 Shoaiba (2) 27 108 97,014 Shoqaiq 28

IWPP Projects in Saudi Arabia Shuaibah Phase-3 IWPP and Shuaibah Expansion IWP ACWA Power, Saudi Arabia Malakoff Berhard, Malaysia Tenaga Nasional Berhard, Malaysia Khazanah Nasional, Malaysia IWPP Projects in Saudi Arabia 2500 MW 176 MIGD 800,000 m3/day ( SWCC 500,000 m3/day ) Marafiq 900 MW 194 MIGD 880,000 m3/day Shoaiba Shoaiba Expansion Shuqaiq 150,000 m3/day Shuqaiq Phase-2 IWPP ACWA Power, Saudi Arabia Gulf Investment Corporation (GIC), Kuwait Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan   850 MW 47 MIGD 212,000 m3/day

Locations of Main Water & Power Generation Plants And Transmission Pipelines

KSA Total Water Demand Versus Planned Supply Sources (in ‘000 m3/day, 2005–2025)

Desalination share in water Water Demand in KSA – Main Figures 2010 2025 Population (Million) 27.2 34 (*) Water demand (Million m3/day) 6.8 8.5 (*) Desalination share in water 53% (3.3 Million m3/day) 63% (5.2 Million m3/day) (*): assuming an average annual growth rate of 1.5%

SWCC plants under construction and tendering Plant Water (m3/day) Power (Megawatts) Commissioning Date Ras Al-Khair 1,025,000 2,400 2013 / 2014 Yanbu 3 550,000 2,500 2016 Plants Capacity (m3/day) Power Capacity (Megawatts) Expected Date Haql 3 9,000 - 2014 Dhuba 4 Rabigh 3 A 600,000 Rabigh 3 B 400,000

Station Capacity M3/day The New and Proposed Desalination Plants for the Period 2014-2025 Station Capacity M3/day Jazan Region Asir Region AlQseem Region Tabuk Region Eastern Region Medina Area Makkah Region Riyadh Region Desalination Plant Year 240,000 Jeddah RO 2013 1,025,000 200,000 100,000 700,000 Ras Alkhair 2015 30,000 Al Khafji 3 9,000 Duba 4 Alwajh 4 Haqal 3 1,000,000 Rabigh 2017 1,500,000 750,000 550,000 Jubail 3 2019 400,000 Jeddah RO 4 2025 925,000 150,000 775,000 Al Khubar 4 45,000 Al Khafji 4 17,000 Omluj 4 7,500 Haqal 4 225,000 50,000 175,000 Shuqaiq 3 First stage

Total = US$ 17.5 Billion (SR 65 Billion) Total Capital Investments until 2020 CAPEX 17,453 Total = US$ 17.5 Billion (SR 65 Billion)

Alternative energy for Desalination SWCC plants use either gas or liquid oil ( crude oil or heavy fuel oil) as source of energy and energy cost contribute almost 50% towards cost of water. It is Energy intensive SWCC consumes around 0.3 million of the daily kingdoms oil production Transportation of fuel for plants at remote places especially satellite plants incurs huge expenses apart from other difficulties such as non delivery of fuel in time and maintenance of accessories and equipment for transport of fuel. As an example transporting fuel of diesel to Farasan plant is around 300 SAR for each cubic meter of diesel.

Possible Scenarios 1- Additional fossil-based capacity 2- No additional fossil-based capacity (Additional capacity from renewable energy) 3- No additional fossil-based capacity (Additional capacity from nuclear energy) 4- a combination of the above So Nuclear energy for water Desalination is an Option for kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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