RIDE YOUR BICYCLE UPWIND Our toxic addiction to vehicles has short term as well as long term effects.

November 19, 2008

Clean Air Hamilton, Mobile Monitoring Studies McMaster Dept. of Engineering Physics Rotek Environmental City of Hamilton School of Geography and Earth Sciences Ministry of Environment Environment Canada Dept. of Chemistry Centre for Spatial Analysis

Industrial Sources

The Hamilton Air Quality Initiative Clean Air Hamilton Partners Government Educational Institutions Industry Non-Government Organizations Associations Consultants

Clean Air Hamilton Strategy Risk Management Approach Applied to Community Wide Actions Identify Problem Measure/Evaluate Prioritize Risks Inform Community Cooperative Actions

Good Intentions + Good Science + Good Process = Real Progress

The Problem Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003 Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton

Health Impacts in Hamilton – by Air Pollutant Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003

McMaster Institute of Environment and Health A Public Health Assessment ofMortality and Hospital Admissions Attributable to Air Pollution in Hamilton Prepared by:Talar Sahsuvaroglu, PhD and Michael Jerrett, PhD School of Geography and Geology May, 2003

Study Objectives “What are citizens actually exposed to and where is it coming from?” Study components  Using mobile monitoring techniques identify and rank sources, including transportation sources, of NOx, SO 2, Airborne Particles and CO, (no direct local sources of Ozone).  Investigate the effect of idling vehicles at a designated school during student drop off and pickup times.  Investigate trackout/road dust issues

National Pollutant Release Inventory

National Pollutant Release Inventory Total Point Source Emissions by Contaminant COSO x NO x PM 10 30,63211,8758,1882,010 Tonnes

What We’d Expect to See Carbon Monoxide – 66% Transportation, 23% Industry Sulphur Dioxide – 92% Industry, 5% Transportation Nitrogen Oxides – 57% Transportation, 37% Industry PM 10 – 73% Open Sources/Road Dust, 18% Industry Note: MOE identified trackout/road dust resuspension as a major problem

Emission Sources by Regions in Hamilton Flamborough/W aterdown East Mtn NE Ind Stny Crk

Mobile Command Centre

City Wide Sampling

NO ppb Residential Sample Industry Wind

Air Standards Oxides of Nitrogen ppb Sulphur Dioxide ppb Carbon Monoxide - 5 ppm PM ug/m3 PM 10 (U.S.) ug/m3

Roads vs Residential Areas

Stoplight Idling – Concentrations Downwind

The Problem Sahsuvaroglu & Jerrett 2003 Health Impacts of Air Pollutants in Hamilton

(Higher Impacts on Women and Over 60s) Exposure to Traffic and the Onset of Myocardial Infarction, A. Peters et al, NEJM, Oct 21, 2004 Traffic Exposure and Myocardial Infarction

Level of Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and the Risk of Death from Cardiovascular Causes in Women Miller KA et al. N Engl J Med 2007;356:

Pyramid of Health Effects Bronchitis in Children Asthma Symptom Days Emergency room visits  Premature Death Adult Chronic Bronchitis  Hospitalizations Proportion of population affected Severity of health Impact Building Healthy and Suportive Communities

Trackout/Diesel Trucks

Road Dust, Covariance 20xPM 1, 10xPM 2.5, PM 10

Road Dust/Trackout 18 Locations Monitored, 14 Sources Identified USEPA PM 10 ug/m3

PM10 ROAD DUST Ben Garden, Savas Kanaroglou, Pat DeLuca, Spatial analysis Unit, McMaster University Industry

Workshop Dec 26, 2006 Trackout/Road Dust Reduction 50 attendees including industries, suppliers and government staff

Road Dust/Trackout 05/06 18 Locations Monitored, 14 Sources Identified USEPA PM 10 ug/m3 > 1500 ug/m3

PM 10 over 1500ug/m3 2007

PM 10 over 500 ug/m3 2007

Source Tracking

Emission Sources by Regions in Hamilton Flamborough/W aterdown East Mtn NE Ind Stny Crk

B Sources B

Sources A

Source V

Source AY

Monitoring/NPRI Agreement In Descending Order of Agreement SO 2 NO x PM 10 CO

Mobile Survey, Phase 2 Monitoring Modeling Monitoring Inversion Days Other

Sampling Route, Hamilton

Traffic Modelling Julie Wallace, CSPA, McMaster

NO March 9 th 2007 Traffic Industry Wind

McMaster Model – Rotek Mobile Data Monitoring/Modeling Interaction

Diesel Emission Videos Clean Air Task Force deos.php

OPP Accident Hot Spots? Accidents Vehicle Pollution Golder Model

Sampling Track, Intersection Impacts, Road/Highway Impacts Wind

Hwy 20/Queenston Intersection

Wind

McMaster Institute of Environment and Health A Public Health Assessment ofMortality and Hospital Admissions Attributable to Air Pollution in Hamilton Prepared by:Talar Sahsuvaroglu, PhD and Michael Jerrett, PhD School of Geography and Geology May, 2003

Health Impacts Upwind Downwind Centennial/Queenston Wind

m Health Impact

Wind Health Close-up Centennial/Queenston

Wind

Sampling Track, Highway Impacts Wind

NO QEW Downwind

NO 2 QEW Downwind

Air Pollution Health Impacts, Inversion Day Impacts

Inversion Day

SO 2 Wind

Inversion Day NO Wind

Inversion Day NO 2 Wind

Inversion Day Health Impacts Wind

Pyramid of Health Effects Bronchitis in Children Asthma Symptom Days Emergency room visits  Premature Death Adult Chronic Bronchitis  Hospitalizations Proportion of population affected Severity of health Impact Building Healthy and Suportive Communities

SW SO 2 Wind

SW Health Impacts – (PM10 less than 100) Wind

SW Health Impacts– PM10 less than 500 Wind

SO2 – NE Winds Consolidated Sampling Track Data Wind

SO2 Inversion Surface NE Winds Consolidated Wind

SO2 Inversion Surface Subset Wind

NE – Aggregated Health Impact Wind

©2007 A-MAPS Environmental Inc. Satellite Air Quality Mapping: Example of NO 2 distribution map computed from satellite imagery over the Hamilton-GTA on June 30, 2006 A - M a PS Environmental Inc.

Options Mapped, web available health impacts of air pollution Mapped AQHI Improve AQHI messaging Reactivate API poor AQ day cutbacks Active AQHI - Combined AQHI and API Ontario consortium Rotek/Amaps/Golder/CSPA Market local, city AQHIs Manufacture, export MMUs

Future Directions Anti idling campaign, particularly schools Highway diesel emission testing at weigh stations Highway/Road Tree planting Fugitive emission and diesel controls Fleet Purchasing - Aldermen/ City Council/GTA/Provincial actions Comparative study of GTA communities Study of highway accident black spots/noise wall/valley effects

Future Directions Hamilton/McMaster respiratory/cardiac daily index Daily air pollution health map of Hamilton/Southern Ontario Air Pollution Index emission controls Present data to Health Sciences, advice to physicians Publish data to web – GeoConnections Incorporate data in epidemiological studies

Future Directions Comparative monitoring of different socioeconomic areas Different season/atmospheric conditions/smog day monitoring Study of cardiac/respiratory admissions with hard exposure data Red Hill Expressway School Bus Idling

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Alternatives ZPM, Compressed Air, $18,000, 2009 U.S. CAFE Foundation, $250,000 Prize Commuter air car (Comparative Aircraft Flight Efficiency Foundation) Electrovaya, Mississauga. Jan 2008 Maya 300 Electric 200 km range Electric Scooter $2000 Clean Air Fair