CCS achievements at TCM Related to CHP Managing Director Frank Ellingsen

CO 2 history in Norway Storage: Statoil Sleipner R&D 1997:Klimatek GASSNOVA SF The Norwegian state enterprise for carbon capture and storage, (2005) TCM in operation Government ambition full-scale CCS facility by 2020 Storage: Statoil, Snøhvit R&D 2005 CLIMIT CO 2 tax offshore 1990

SHELL This is TCM

Vision Develop and verify technologies owned by vendors Reduce cost and risks Knowledge sharing Develop the emerging market for CO 2 capture technology

Gas Power Plant Amine plant Chilled Ammonia plant Admin complex Electrical substation Utilities Area for future development Seawater Catalytic cracker Refinery CHP (Powerplant)

Test campaigns the Amine Plant Campaign-1 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO 2 ) Campaign-2 on RFCC flue (13-15 % CO 2 ) MEA campaig-3 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO 2 ) Campaign- 4 on CHP flue (3.5 % CO 2 )

Campaign 1. Amine Plant, CHP flue gas and S21 solvent Target: Stable operation About 93% operability CO 2 capture rate about 90% Emission about 0.2 ppm Amine Nitrosamines and nitramines below detection limit Stable solvent with low degradation. Main degradation products amines, amino acids with low volatility. Very low concentration of solvent specific nitramines Reclaiming showed low waste production(0,26 Kg/ton CO 2 )

Dynamic operations of the amine plant – A test The graph shows an example of tripping and starting the amine plant. – ability to go from zero to full speed in hours after trip Testing the capture during dynamic transitions, replicating a fluctuating grid power consumptions Supporting growth of renewables

Campaign 2 RFCC gas (13.5 % CO 2 ) MIST generation Preliminary conclusions: SO 3 and SO 2 generate mist Alternative solutions considered: Reduce SO 3 and SO 2 by filters Process development Operation of the Amine Plant Campaign 3 MEA on CHP (3.5 % CO 2 ) Campaign 4 New solvent (S26) on CHP (3.5 % CO 2 )- on going

Objectives of the MEA campaign - 3 Develop a dataset to chare Capture CO 2 from CCGT power plant flue gas Create plant base line with 30% wt aqueous MEA. Investigate the potential of high conc. MEA (up to 40% wt ) achieving about 85% CO 2 capture Verify design capacity of the plant and specific functionalities Verify and improve process simulation model Understand scale-up, performance and emissions

Baseline preliminary results: typical emission performance MEA0.02 ppmv(TCM DA lab) NH310 ppmv(TCM DA lab) Acetaldehyde0.2 ppmv(third party lab) Formaldehyde0.1 ppmv(third party lab) Total nitrosamines< mg/m3(third party lab) Total nitramines< mg/m3(third party lab) 30% wt aqueous MEA base line run

MEA Campaign – 3 Conclusions and way forward 30% wt aqueous MEA base line established and being verified by EPRI 40% wt aqueous MEA base line established (not in EPRI scope) Plant operating window explored Start up, shut down and transient operating conditions tested and investigated Low emissions during normal operation Way forward: additional MEA campaign(s) necessary to Measure long term effects as degradation and corrosion Better understanding of scale-up Test reclaiming Test lean solvent vapor (LVC) compressor Others to be defined

Test campaigns at the Chilled Ammonia Plant (CAP) Campaign 1: Nov 2012 – April 2013 Tests on RFCC flue gas. Need for process modification/improvement identified Campaign 2: May 2013 – Sept 2013 Operation at CHP flue gas (3.5% CO 2 ) Target: Stable operation Operability around 90% Campaign 3: Nov 2013 – Aug 2014 RFCC flue gas (13.5% CO 2 ) New tests on low concentration flue gas

Alstom’s Chilled Ammonia Process TCM has demonstrated the Alstom CAP technology, and a successful and stable operations of more than 4000h (RFCC and CHP flue gas) No environmental or health risk Very low emissions

The Chilled Ammonia CHP Campaign - 2 Operation experience confirmed Low ammonia emission in the residual flue gas to atm.: 1 to 3 ppmv Low ammonia concentration in the CO 2 product: <10ppmv CO 2 Capture rate: 85 to 90% (Reference period: 88% at Sm3/h flue gas) Solvent is stable without any trace of degradation More than 1300 operating hours confirm: Acceptable process stability Flexibility and ability in handling transient conditions

Operation experience confirmed After flushing with water, a safe maintenance/disassembling of equipment with ammonia solvent is performed with usual/suitable personal protection At low ambient temperature (under 0ºC), in case of leakage, the vaporization of ammonia from the solvent is very limited and may be not detected At higher temperatures, even small leakages are detected early by gas detectors or operator inspection The Chilled Ammonia CHP Campaign -2

Operation lessons learned Salt formation in gas phase: Heat tracing with temperature alarms are installed in order to avoid salt formation in: safety valves critical pressure and level instrumentation regenerator feed pump Rich/Lean heat exchangers Rich feed Tank vent line. Online analyzer for CO 2 and NH3 in the flue gas are a challenge. The main causes are: Instrumentation hardware and software complexity Condensation of salts in gas phase Accumulation of salts in piping/instrumentation when the liquid droplet with salts entrained with the flue gas are dried by heat tracing. Gas and liquid sampling and laboratory analyze are challenging due to salt precipitations unstable and not visible The Chilled Ammonia CHP - Campaign - 2

Welcome to Bergen and Mongstad;

…to share knowledge on carbon capture TCM launched the first International Test Centre Network to accelerate CCS technology development Sharing knowledge of developments, construction and operational experience Establishing benchmarks and performance indicators Promoting technology certification and standardization

..and be a part of TCM going ahead To develop Large test facilities Utility/infrastructure and the available test area TCM has proven its key role in reducing Costs and risks

Thank you