F1 CARS

Introduction Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most technologically advanced form of sports. Most sophisticated vehicles used in the most technologically advanced form of sports. Each and every minute details tuned to perfection Each and every minute details tuned to perfection Each f1 team has the responsibility to come up with the most efficient design. Each f1 team has the responsibility to come up with the most efficient design. Bringing the f1 cars to a halt is an incredible challenge. Bringing the f1 cars to a halt is an incredible challenge. F1 car driving demands precision, incredibly fast reflexes and endurance from the driver. F1 car driving demands precision, incredibly fast reflexes and endurance from the driver.

The Chassis Characteristics Characteristics Single seat carsSingle seat cars Open cockpitOpen cockpit Open wheelsOpen wheels Wings at front and rearWings at front and rear Position of the engine is behind the driverPosition of the engine is behind the driver

The Cockpit Cockpit is a very sparse environment. Cockpit is a very sparse environment. Driver has limited movement. Driver has limited movement. Driver experiences G-forces. Driver experiences G-forces. Designers are forever trying to lower the centre of gravity of the car. Designers are forever trying to lower the centre of gravity of the car.

Aerodynamics Wing theory Wing theory Rear wing Rear wing Front wing Front wing Barge boards Barge boards Diffuser Diffuser

Wing theory Uses the same principle as an aircraft. Uses the same principle as an aircraft. Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses down- force. Aircraft uses lift whereas f1 cars uses down- force. Drag- another important factor on an f1 car. Drag- another important factor on an f1 car.

Rear wing Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each other by wing endplates. Made up of 2 sets of aerofoil connected to each other by wing endplates. Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements. Top aerofoil made up of a maximum of 3 elements. Lower aerofoil made up of single element. Lower aerofoil made up of single element. Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the sides of the wings. Endplates prevent the air from spilling over the sides of the wings.

Front wing Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the nose cones. Asymmetrical wing flaps on either side of the nose cones. Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow increasing down-force. Asymmetrical shape allows better airflow increasing down-force. Inside edges of the front wing endplates curved. Inside edges of the front wing endplates curved.

Barge-boards Mounted between front wheels and side-pods. Mounted between front wheels and side-pods. Can be situated in the suspension. Can be situated in the suspension. Main purpose- Smoothen and direct the airflow coming from the front wheels. Main purpose- Smoothen and direct the airflow coming from the front wheels. They have contours to direct airflow in different directions. They have contours to direct airflow in different directions.

Diffuser Situated at the underside of the car behind the rear axle line. Situated at the underside of the car behind the rear axle line. Consists of many tunnels and splitters to control airflow. Consists of many tunnels and splitters to control airflow. Maximizes suction effect thus increasing down-force. Maximizes suction effect thus increasing down-force.

Engine Ten times horse-power of a normal road car. Ten times horse-power of a normal road car. Operate at very high temperatures. Operate at very high temperatures. Limited to 3 litre, normally with 10 cylinders. Limited to 3 litre, normally with 10 cylinders. Engines made from forged aluminium. Engines made from forged aluminium. Some components made from ceramics in order to reduce internal inertia of moving parts. Some components made from ceramics in order to reduce internal inertia of moving parts.

What makes these engines different to road car engines? Air-box Air-box Fuel and fuel tank Fuel and fuel tank Exhausts Exhausts Cooling systems Cooling systems Transmissions Transmissions ClutchClutch GearboxGearbox Gear ratiosGear ratios DifferentialDifferential

Tyres Must be able to withstand very high stresses and temperatures. Must be able to withstand very high stresses and temperatures. Tyres filled with special nitrogen rich, moisture free gas. Tyres filled with special nitrogen rich, moisture free gas. Tyres made up of 4 ingredients- carbon blacks, polymers, oils and curatives. Tyres made up of 4 ingredients- carbon blacks, polymers, oils and curatives. 3 types of tyres are used 3 types of tyres are used Dry tyreDry tyre Intermediate tyreIntermediate tyre Wet tyreWet tyre

The Suspensions Two forms of suspension. Two forms of suspension. Traditional coil spring setup.Traditional coil spring setup. Torsion bar setupTorsion bar setup Both forms are mounted on the chassis. Both forms are mounted on the chassis.

Dampers Often called shock absorbers. Often called shock absorbers. Main purpose is to prevent the spring from oscillating too much Main purpose is to prevent the spring from oscillating too much These dampers can be tuned to alter the handling. These dampers can be tuned to alter the handling.

The Brakes F1 cars use disc brakes designed to work at 750 degrees celcius. F1 cars use disc brakes designed to work at 750 degrees celcius. Brakes are set up with 60% braking force to the front and 40% to the rear. Brakes are set up with 60% braking force to the front and 40% to the rear. Drivers are able to adjust the balance btw front and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. Drivers are able to adjust the balance btw front and rear braking force from a dial in the cockpit. Rotating discs are gripped by caliper squeezing the disc. Rotating discs are gripped by caliper squeezing the disc. Discs are drilled for airflow to keep temperature down. Discs are drilled for airflow to keep temperature down. Front and rear braking systems are connected separately Front and rear braking systems are connected separately

Steering wheel and pedals A sophisticated steering wheel with all the information available. A sophisticated steering wheel with all the information available. On the front of the wheel items such as rev lights, speed limit button, fuel mixture controls, radio buttons etc. are provided. On the front of the wheel items such as rev lights, speed limit button, fuel mixture controls, radio buttons etc. are provided. Levers for changing gears are located on the back of the wheel. Levers for changing gears are located on the back of the wheel. Pedals are designed specifically for each driver. Pedals are designed specifically for each driver. Only 2 pedals are available- for acceleration and for braking. Only 2 pedals are available- for acceleration and for braking.

1. Regulates front brakes 2.Regulates rear brakes 3.Rev Shift lights 4 – 5. Lap time display 6.Neutral gear buttons 7. Display for Gear, engine RPM, water & oil temperatures 8.Engine cut-off switch 9.Place to add small map of track with sector breakdowns 10. Activates drink bottle pump 11.Brake balance selector 12.Manual activation of fuel door 13.Air / fuel mix selector 14.Power steering servo regulator 15.Specific car program recall 16.Engine mapping selector 17.Selection 'enter' key 18.Electronic throttle regulators 19.Change menus on display 20.Pits to car radio activation 21.Pit lane speed limiter activation

Each part costs: Each part costs: PARTS AMOUNTSINGLE PRICE (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€) PARTS AMOUNTSINGLE PRICE (€) AMOUNT NEEDED TOTAL (€) Monocoque ,360 Monocoque ,360 Bodywork ,026 Bodywork ,026 Rear Wing ,842 Rear Wing ,842 Front Wing ,051 Front Wing ,051 Engine ,770 Engine ,770 Gearbox ,411 Gearbox ,411 Gear Ratios (set) ,360 Gear Ratios (set) ,360 Exhaust System ,631 Exhaust System ,631 Telemetry ,411 Telemetry ,411 Fire Extinguisher ,420 Fire Extinguisher ,420 Brake Discs ,856 Brake Discs ,856 Brake Pads ,136 Brake Pads ,136 Brake Callipers ,205 Brake Callipers ,205 Wheels ,496 Wheels ,496 Tyres ,568 Tyres ,568 Shock Absorber ,346 Shock Absorber ,346 Pedals (set) ,605 Pedals (set) ,605 Dashboard ,210 Dashboard ,210 Steering System ,815 Steering System ,815 Steering Wheel ,103 Steering Wheel ,103 Fuel Tank ,632 Fuel Tank ,632 Suspension ,210 Suspension ,210 Wiring ,026 Wiring ,026 GRAND TOTAL € 926,490 GRAND TOTAL € 926,490 In addition to the build costs, thousands of pounds will be spent on designing the car. Design costs include the making of models, using the wind tunnel and paying crash test expenses etc. The cost of producing the final product will be €7,700,000

Random facts about f1 In an f1 engine revving at 18000rpm, piston travels up and down 300 times a second. In an f1 engine revving at 18000rpm, piston travels up and down 300 times a second. If a connecting rod let go of its piston at max speed, the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 metres. If a connecting rod let go of its piston at max speed, the piston would have enough energy to travel vertically over 100 metres. If a water hose were to blow off, complete cooling system would empty in just over a second. If a water hose were to blow off, complete cooling system would empty in just over a second. F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks. F1 cars have 3 built in pneumatic jacks. F1 car has as many as 8 radios operating at a time. F1 car has as many as 8 radios operating at a time.

Conclusion The car’s engine, suspension, aerodynamics, tyres etc determine how fast they go. The car’s engine, suspension, aerodynamics, tyres etc determine how fast they go. The engineering of materials, cooling system, aerodynamics and high temperature structural stiffness of f1 components is leading edge technology. The engineering of materials, cooling system, aerodynamics and high temperature structural stiffness of f1 components is leading edge technology. Getting the car tuned up and keeping it in a state of perfection are 2 of the team’s most important tasks during a season. Getting the car tuned up and keeping it in a state of perfection are 2 of the team’s most important tasks during a season.

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