GERMPLASM EVALUATION PROGRAM U.S. MEAT ANIMAL RESEARCH CENTER ARS, USDA Clay Center, NE Cow 20001031 (G = Grey) Charolais X Angus cow and calf nursing is 20033016 “Cow in middle is probably 20011391 (RBF) Hereford X MARC III with calf 20033016 nursing

SIRE BREEDS USED TO PRODUCE FI CROSSES WITH ANGUS AND HEREFORD DAMS IN THE GERMPLASM EVALUATION PROGRAM AT MARCa Cycle I Cycle II Cycle III Cycle IV Cycle V Cycle VI Cycle VII Cycle VIII 70-72 73-74 75-76 86-90 92-94 97-98 99-00 01-02 Hereford Hereford Hereford Hereford Hereford Hereford Hereford Hereford Angus Angus Angus Angus Angus Angus Angus Angus Jersey Red Poll Brahman Longhorn Tuli Wagyu Red Angus Beefmaster S. Devon Braunvieh Sahiwal Salers Boran Norweg. Red Limousin Brangus Limousin Gelbvieh Pinzgauer Galloway Belg. Blue Sw. Red&Wh. Charolais Bonsmara Simmental Maine Anj. Tarentaise Nellore Brahman Friesian Simmental Romosinuano Charolais Chianina Shorthorn Piedmontese Gelbvieh Piedmontese Charolais Gelbvieh Pinzgauer F1 cross progeny of 33 sire breeds have been characterized in a series of long term experiments we have called cycles. HA crosses have been produced in each cycle to provide a reference point for pooling data over all cycles. In general, we have produced about 200 progeny per breed sire in each cycle using about 20 to 25 sires per breed in each cycle. Today, I will summarize results from cycle VIII of this program, which has Beefmaster, Brangus, Bonsmara from S. Africa,and Romosinuano from S. America (Colombia via Venzuela)..seven most prominent Bos taurus breeds in North America. I shall also briefly summarize results from cycle VII involving the seven most prominent Bos taurus beef breeds in the U.S. H, A, Ra, L, C, S, G, The F1 calves produced in 1999, 2000. 22 sires of each breed were used, ½ young herd sire prospects, ½ top 50 in registrations Re-evaluation of 6 breeds first evaluated in Cycle I and II of the program in the early 1970’s, Ra evaluated for the first time. a Sire breeds mated to Angus and Hereford females, Composite MARC III (1/4 Angus, Hereford, Red Poll and Pinzgauer) cows were also included in Cycles V, VI, and VII.

BEEF BREED REGISTRATIONS National Pedigreed Livestock Council, 2003-2004 % Angus 281,965 40.0 Brahman 11,000 1.6 Hereford 69,316 9.8 Salers 10,286 1.5 Charolais 55,034 7.8 Santa Gertrudis 7,500 1.1 Limousin 49,600 7.0 Longhorn 7,459 Simmental 45,000 6.4 Chianina 6,679 .9 Red Angus 42,178 6.0 Braunvieh 4,100 .6 Gelbvieh 31,664 4.5 Corriente 3,211 .5 Shorthorn 22,430 3.2 Tarentaise 1,600 .2 Brangus 22,311 Highland 1,500 Beefmaster 21,242 3.0 Pinzgauer 664 .1 Maine Anjou 12,544 2.2 TOTAL 707,283 100 Registrations provide some insight into gene flow or relative influence of different breeds in beef industry British 59%, up in last few years from about 50% in 1998, Angus gaining most ground 40 up from 33%. Continental 31%, down from about 33% in 1998. American (Brahman and Brahman influenced breeds) 8.7%, down from about 15% in 1998.

BREED GROUP MEANS FOR PREWEANING TRAITS OF CALVES PRODUCED IN CYCLE VII OF THE GPE PROGRAM (1999-2000 CALF CROP) No. Calvings Calv. Birth 200-d Sire breed calves unassist. diff. wt. wn. wt., of calf born % score lb. lb. Hereford 190 95.6 1.24 90.4 524 Angus 189 99.6 1.01 84.0 533 Red Angus 206 99.1 1.06 84.5 526 Simmental 201 97.7 1.10 92.2 553 Gelbvieh 209 97.8 1.10 88.7 534 Limousin 200 97.6 1.13 89.5 519 Charolais 199 92.8 1.40 93.7 540 LSD < .05 3.4 .20 3.1 13

SIRE BREED MEANS FOR FINAL WEIGHT AND CARCASS TRAITS OF F1 STEERS (445 DAYS) Final Retail USDA WB Sire wt product Choice shear Breed N lb % lb % lb Hereford 97 1322 60.7 480 70 9.1 Angus 98 1365 59.2 488 95 8.9 Red Angus 93 1333 59.1 474 93 9.2 Simmental 92 1363 63.0 522 61 9.5 Gelbvieh 90 1312 63.8 509 56 9.9 Limousin 84 1286 63.7 504 46 9.5 Charolais 95 1349 63.7 523 69 9.6 LSD < .05 40 1.3 16 17 0.7

SIRE BREED LEAST SQUARES MEANS FOR GROWTH AND PUBERTY TRAITS OF HEIFERS IN CYCLE VII OF THE GPE PROGRAM (1999-2000 CALF CROPs) 400-d 18 wt. month Frame Age Preg. Sire breed wt. wt. ht. score at rate of female No. lb. lb. cm. sc pub. % Hereford 81 841 950 128.4 5.5 342 94 Angus 85 869 936 127.2 5.3 340 88 Red Angus 106 868 953 126.9 5.2 339 91 Simmental 103 849 961 130.2 5.9 335 90 Gelbvieh 111 807 922 128.8 5.6 322 83 Limousin 109 824 933 129.9 5.8 363 87 Charolais 103 828 950 129.5 5.8 348 91 LSD < .05 31 32 1.6 .5 15 13

SIRE BREED MEANS FOR REPRODUCTION AND MATERNAL TRAITS OF F1 FEMALES MATED TO PRODUCE THEIR FIRST CALVES AT 2 YEARS OF AGE (2001 & 2002) Surv. Sire Calf crop Calving Unassist. Birth to 200-d wt per breed born wnd. diff. births wt. wn. calf cow exp of female No. % % score % lb % lb lb Hereford 80 92 70 1.9 74 81.5 78 413 292 Angus 84 83 76 2.0 72 79.8 93 424 325 Red Angus 104 86 76 2.2 68 78.2 88 415 317 Simmental 98 86 69 1.5 86 79.6 82 442 309 Gelbvieh 109 79 68 2.2 64 83.6 86 447 307 Limousin 109 85 73 2.0 68 80.3 85 429 313 Charolais 97 87 73 2.1 69 81.6 83 430 315 LSD < .05 14 15 .6 19 4.4 14 10 68

Genomics Populations (Cycle VII) Seven most prominent breeds (A, H, Ra, G, S, C, L). 22 sires per breed produce F1 progeny at MARC Four heavily used bulls/breed producing F1 bulls F1 bulls mated to F1 females will produce grand progeny with large family size Iidentify and validate QTL and favorable alleles in populations directly tied to industry Incorporate into EPDs using multi-loci/multi-trait genetic prediction (Thallman, Hanford, Van Vleck).

Hereford, Angus, Red Angus, Simmental, Gelbvieh, Limousin, and Charolais sired two-year old females Cow 20001031 (G = Grey) Charolais X Angus cow and calf nursing is 20033016 “Cow in middle is probably 20011391 (RBF) Hereford X MARC III with calf 20033016 nursing

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