Современные технологии ШБД: области применения сравнение возможностей Разумец А.А. InfiNet Wireless.

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Presentation transcript:

Современные технологии ШБД: области применения сравнение возможностей Разумец А.А. InfiNet Wireless

История  Начало 90-х – Выход Wi-Fi и ему подобных «на улицу»  Конец 90-х - Снижение стоимости беспроводного оборудования от тысяч до сотен и десятков долларов  2000-… Увеличение масштаба строительства (read: инвестиций!) беспроводных сетей во всем мире  2004-… - Годы ожидания «революции WiMAX»

Настоящее  До сих пор сосуществуют несколько классов оборудования, активно используемых в строительстве сетей: –Wi-Fi (доля снижается) –Proprietary (включая различные системы «многоточка» и т.н. «pre-WiMAX» - основная доля рынка) –802.16d-based (не так уж много, если не считать «пилотные» проекты) –802.16e (пока что мало, однако с нетерпением ожидается операторами и активно рекламируется производителями)

Реалии 2007 года  Wi-Fi более никого не устраивает- –Область применения – «последние 200 метров» офиса/кампуса –Нет никаких гарантий качества обслуживания –Нет контроля над абонентским терминалом  Wi-Fi cуществует, пока есть спрос – низкая цена и массовое применение  Новые расширения (безопасность+QoS+MIMO) никак не отразятся на миллионах уже проданных устройств – «совместимость превыше всего»

Реалии 2007 года  «pre-WiMAX» применяется не благодаря, а вопреки- –В разы более высокой цене (по сравнению с Wi- Fi) –Отсутствия какой бы то ни было совместимости –Неопределенности среди производителей чипсетов и готового оборудования –Появлению WiMAX оборудования для практически любых частотных диапазонов

Реалии 2007 и мифы 2004  «WiMAX» быстро, в течение 2-3 лет заменит собой все старые технологии беспроводного, а также проводного (xDSL) доступа  Тотальная совместимость и глобальный роуминг  70 мегабит на 30 километров, или 30 мегабит на 70 километров, или все сразу  Сравнимая производительность в NLOS  Новый набор услуг – IP-TV и мобильный VoIP  Услуга будет МАССОВОЙ, благодаря также цене абонентского устройства в $100 –Прим.: Samsung продает WiBro (WiMAX - 2.3GHz) USB адаптер за $80

Реалии 2007  WiMAX не в состоянии заменить ВСЕ системы ШБД  Состояние WiMAX: – реальная пропускная способность около 10 Мбит/с (на сектор) с радиусом 3-10 км – в NLOS дальность в разы меньше, чем в LOS – абонентский комплект не дешевле $300-$600  Услуга фиксированного ШБД остается нишевой

Набор услуг – бизнес-модель - стандарт  WiMAX есть средство персонального доступа к Интернет на основе стандарта IEEE  Системы на основе 16d и 16е – принципиально разные системы, несмотря на наличие частичной обратной совместимости: –Разные диапазоны –Разные задачи –Разные радиотехнологии –Разные операторы –Разные пользователи –Разные объемы рынка

Набор услуг – бизнес-модель - стандарт  Системы 16е по сути и по рекомендациям МСЭ (ITU-R M ) есть признанное (как часть IMT- 2000) средство пакетной передачи данных в сетях подвижной радиосвязи и ближе к технологиям HSD(U)PA или LTE, чем к 16d  Системы 16d остались ближе к «фирменным» системам фиксированного ШБД, чем к системам 16е, но так и не заменили ни их, ни xDSL

Набор услуг – бизнес-модель - стандарт  Массовый рынок с ARPU ~$5..$10 привычен традиционным телефонным и мобильным операторам  Совместимость критически важна для роуминга – вспомним DAMPS, NMT, даже варианты CDMA  Снижение цены возможно лишь при мировой унификации частотных диапазонов до 2-3 (как в случае с GSM) – многодиапазонное устройство 2.3/2.5/2.7/3.4/3.6/4.9/5.1/5.4GHz пока, к сожалению, не сможет быть дешевым

Набор услуг – бизнес-модель - стандарт  Системы 16d подразумевали «DSL replacement» - PPPoE доступ на скоростях в мегабиты в секунду для ЧАСТНЫХ ЛИЦ в регионах с плотностью абонентов от высокой до средней  забыто важное отличие – скорость DSL канала до КАЖДОГО абонента концентратора составляет до 8Мбпс, в то время как та же цифра равна СУММАРНОЙ полосе пропускания сектора БС WiMAX  Что достается каждому из них при желаемой плотности в абонентов на сектор? IPTV? Голос? Каналы Е1?

Следствия  Сети фиксированного ШБД остались в своей нише и не стали «беспроводным xDSL»  Ниша ФШБД: –Подключение к Интернет SMB, SOHO, домовых сетей и отдельных пользователей (системы с прямой асимметрией) –VoIP (симметричные системы) –Объединение по VPN удаленных офисов и объектов (симметричные системы) –Передача данных и видеоинформации специального характера: ГАИ, охрана, технологические пункты и т.п. (системы с обратной асимметрией)  Абонентское оборудование сетей ФШБД является инфраструктурным и по сути терминальным, а не абонентским  Терминальное оборудование ФШБД не будет заметно дешеветь, в силу принципиального отсутствия роста массового спроса на него

Что делать вендорам?  Бросить все силы на мобильный WiMAX?  Продолжать развитие preWiMAX линейки?  Специфика применения на различных рынках и регионах

Что делать оператору?  Ждать WiMAX?  Развивать мобильный доступ на базе 3G – WCDMA, HSDPA/HSUPA, LTЕ ?  Что делать с частотами 5ГГц – фиксированный WiMAX?  Существующие сети радиодоступа – что делать с ними?

Что делать оператору?  Понять, что WiMAX или preWiMAX не означают моментального (в течение 2-3 лет) возврата инвестиций  Найти «своего клиента» – кому мы будем предоставлять услуги и почему он захочет ими пользоваться  Проанализировать «hidden costs» – –Коэффициент использования частотного ресурса, которого всегда мало –Проверить реальный процент перекачивания стоимости терминального оборудования в стоимость базовой станции за счет механизма лицензирования, в расчете на «1000 абонентов на 1 базу на 1 город»

16 Opportunities for ISPs  Internet access market growth –Penetration is still low –Large areas are still underserved –New applications, corporate and personal, require more and more bandwidth  Standardization is slow, but “All over IP” reigns  Economy grows => demand grows  “Entry costs” became lower for ISPs

17 Restraining factors  Wireless Access needs spectrum, which is not uniformly allocated all over the world –WiMAX Forum (and vendors) have been focused on 3.5GHz band for fixed and 2.5GHz mobile WiMAX profiles –Very often 3.5GHz is densely occupied by incumbent carriers, VSAT links, etc. –Cost of GHz spectrum is too high – most mobile carriers already there  Performance is usually far less than in adverts  “Cost per new subscriber” restricts massive roll- out of “public” access services

18 ISP Challenges  Different markets = different strategies  “Broadband for everyone”: –Low “entry cost” for end-user –Quick, plug-n-play installation –Low monthly fees for low-speed (<1Mbps) –Dense coverage required as most of the users are willing to use indoor/window antenna or even portable device

19 WISP Challenges  “Broadband for business”: –High speed both in uplink and downlink >2Mbps is typical, without oversubscription Site-to-Site VPN is primary service, not just internet access –Low delay for voice and videoconferencing –Quality service for multiple users (QoS everywhere) –High reliability, link redundancy –Coverage can be sparse but range should be long enough – most of the users are fixed and can use rooftop antenna

20 WISP Challenges  Applications that require specific features: –Video Surveillance 2Mbps per camera, mostly only upstream –Rapid deployment communication systems Topology-independent network required –Public Safety & Corporate Security applications All the above, plus extra network robustness and security

21 WiMAX, pre-WiMAX, 3G, MESH what’s the difference?  WiMAX – a global standard for interoperability between wireless access devices, based on IEEE d-2004 (fixed) and e-2005 (mobile) standard  Current status: –Frequency bands available: GHz, GHz, 5GHz (not certified yet) –Note: NO REAL INTEROPERABILITY yet

22 WiMAX technology highlights  OFDM256 (or higher), adaptive coding/modulation (BPSK to QAM64)  OFDMA and sub-channelization help to “pull up” uplink coverage (while usually offering less bandwidth per single CPE)  Flexible spectrum usage – channel sizes from 1.75 to 10MHz, with high tolerance to self-interference  Fast scheduling to optimize downlink  MIMO (and “smart antenna”) support in the standard (but not widely available yet)  Mutual BS-CPE authentication with X.509 public key  Real throughput (capacity): –Downstream: 5..25Mbps per BS sector –Upstream: 1..3Mbps (mobile), 2..10Mbps (fixed)

23 WiMAX technology restrictions  Typical (best case) RTT (station-to-server) is ~80ms, worst case delay is >100ms in a normal operating conditions –still better than in “traditional” GSM/CDMA mobile networks –Too big for VoIP within site-to-site VPN even if both users are in the same network –Fractional E1 (or other TDM) services over WiMAX will require extra dejitter buffer/echo cancellation circuits (typ. jitter is >20ms)

24 WiMAX technology restrictions  Coverage radius is much less than expected: –1..2 km - indoor/NLOS subscribers at 2.5GHz band –typical mobile case –7..20 km – fixed, external high-gain antenna CPE in LOS conditions  Subscriber density issues – high-density coverage is required for mobile/indoor users, high capacity is needed for fixed/business users

25 Proprietary Wireless Access technologies  Wide choice of spectrum - –900MHz, 2.3, 2.4, , 3.5, 4.9, GHz –5/10/20MHz typical channel sizes  OFDM64 modulation, often auto BPSK to QAM64  Some pre-WiMAX systems support QoS in wireless  BS sector capacity is sometimes MORE than WiMAX – Mbps LOS, 2..7Mbps NLOS, depending on freq band  Coverage area is less, but still can be compared to fixed WiMAX case  Mobility is supported in MESH systems, while traditional MESH performance is much less than mobile WiMAX could offer  No interoperability between different vendors  Lower BS price

26 The Choice  Fixed and mobile WiMAX are DIFFERENT in technologies used, BS coverage and capacity and, therefore, in rollout costs  WiMAX idea is “Personal Broadband” – hundreds of home-users per BS  Some myths are still exist – that (pre-WiMAX) system could be used for IP-TV broadcast or even large-scale Video-on-Demand delivery  ISP should consider offering services to businesses and home-users as TWO different tasks, as the whole network infrastructure shall be different

27 InfiNet Wireless Strategy  Single platform approach – SkyMAN NG –Pre-WiMAX multipoint –Fixed WiMAX –Mobile/nomadic MESH –Backhaul  QoS support  Topology-independent network  Modular, All-IP based design  Rich networking feature set

28 InfiMAX High-speed fixed access system (802.16d-2004-compliant)  5GHz freq band is supported – enables smooth transition to WiMAX for existing license holders without replacing the whole 5GHz passive equipment and applying for a new 2.5/3.5GHz license  Channel sizes of 5 and 7MHz allow better frequency re- use while offering high capacity (real throughput of Mbps per sector)  High output power (+43dBm typical EIRP)  Ideal quality of Voice transmission over WiMAX – using proprietary extensions to overcome 80ms delay issues  Built-in Router, VLAN Switch, VoIP and E1 gateways  Modular design – no costly “BS Controllers”

29 InfiMAN Topology-free fixed access system  Channel sizes of 5/10/20Mhz across 900MHz, 2.3, 2.4, , 3.5, 4.9, GHz bands  Typical sector capacity of >20Mbps (up to 34Mbps)  High output power (+43dBm typical EIRP)  7 to 35km typical coverage radius  Transparent QoS support at Layer2-Layer3-Layer4 throughout SkyMAN network, including InfiMAX and 3-rd party QoS tags  VoIP-aware. Can automatically recognize and serve as top-priority most of interactive and delay-critical applications  Each unit, even indoor CPE, has built-in Router and VLAN Switch, VoIP and E1 gateways are offered as options  Dual- and single-radio modular design for BS and repeater units

30 InfiLINK high-capacity aggregated backhaul  Channel sizes of 5/10/20Mhz across 900MHz, 2.3, 2.4, , 3.5, 4.9, GHz bands  Aggregated link throughput of 60Mbps  High output power (+27dBm mean output)  Up to 70km range  Transparent QoS support at Layer2-Layer3-Layer4 throughout SkyMAN network, including InfiMAX and 3-rd party QoS tags  10/100Ethernet, 2xE1/Ethernet and 4xE1/Ethernet interface options  Low delay and jitter (<8ms)  Dual- and single-radio modular design for BS and repeater units

31 InfiSAFE Mobile and Nomadic MESH  Topology-independent, self-organizing MESH network  Available in 900MHz, 2.3, 2.4, , 3.5, 4.9, GHz versions  Channel-size is automatically selected – 5/10/20MHz  Special applications including fixed and mobile video surveillance, VoIP and video conferencing  Seamless mobility and multi-frequency roaming  Transparent QoS support at Layer2-Layer3-Layer4 throughout SkyMAN network, including InfiMAX and 3-rd party QoS tags  Single-, dual- and quad-radio modular design for BS and repeater units eliminates extra delays and bandwidth losses at each MESH node

32 SkyMAN NG: factors to consider Spectrum availability at licensed/unlicensed bands Subscriber density and coverage area size Demand for bandwidth demand Backbone capacity Mobility Services to be offered =Overall Solution Cost

33 SkyMAN NG Case 1: City-wide ISP network for home and SoHo users Expected density: >100 users per BS Services offered: Internet access (oversubscribed), VoIP, low-speed VPN – all below 1Mbps Solution: 1)Access network – InfiMAX or InfiMAN, depending on overall estimated BS/CPE qty; Typical mix of indoor/outdoor subscriber units: 1:10 2)Backhaul – InfiLINK redundant links with integrated antennas Case 2: ISP network for VPN and high-speed internet access, provisioning for small ISPs Expected subscriber density: sparse, long distance to BS Expected capacity: 2..4Mbps per user (per building) Additional Services: Corporate VoIP within the network, high-speed symmetrical VPN – all above 2Mbps Solution: Access network – InfiMAN, with repeaters. CPE unit – outdoor, with integrated antenna Backhaul – InfiLINK redundant and aggregated links, fiber/metro Ethernet where possible, SDH if link capacity is still not enough

34 SkyMAN NG Case 3: VPN connectivity in underserved area Expected density: <10 customer sites in total Distances: 10 to 50km Services offered: Share central cite VSAT Internet uplink, corporate VoIP, high-speed VPN, video surveillance from remote sites (VoD from remote DVRs) Solution: InfiMAN and InfiLINK-based corporate wireless network, depending on topology, LOS conditions and overall capacity required CPE unit: high-power device with external high-gain antenna Case 4: Rapid deployment security and video surveillance for a closed area (large construction site, oil field, etc.) Expected mobile unit density: medium-sparse Coverage area: small (<10 km) Expected capacity: 2..4Mbps per mobile unit, 2Mbps per fixed hi-res PTZ video camera Additional Services: VoIP between cars, 3 rd -party devices support (in-car laptop/phone, WiFi tracking sensors) Solution: MESH network – InfiSAFE, with fixed and mobile repeaters Mobile unit: dual-radio InfiSAFE device to ensure quick relaying and seamless hand-off No dedicated backhaul – MESH network should be planned with some extra capacity

35 Conclusion  WiMAX or other wireless technologies do require careful RF, capacity and cost structure planning  Spectrum costs and applicability should be considered – for example, 5GHz WiMAX is not intended to be “mobile”

Спасибо за внимание!