Solar Assisted Oil Distiller System Design Review P15484 October 2, 2014 Johnathon Wheaton Bruno Moraes Peter Coutts Nathan Johnson Benjamin Wolfe

Agenda  Project introduction  Functional Decomposition  Functional Architecture  Morphological Analysis  Pugh Matrix  Concept Selection  Preliminary Test Plan  Updated Risks  Next Steps

Project Introduction series.co.nz/uploads/ images/3%20Months %20growth%202.JP G

Functional Decomposition

Functional Architecture

Morphological Table

System Alternatives

Pugh Matrix (1 st iteration)

Pugh Matrix (2 nd iteration)

Pugh Matrix (3rd iteration)

Pugh Matrix Conclusions  Sub-systems are highly independent  Concepts can be combined with varying degrees  Ex. Photovoltaic & Methane burning  Feasibility was one of the most important deciding factors  Solar heating is the greatest design challenge  Must be independently analyzed

Solar Heating Requirements  2 gallons of water per distillation process  19.3 MJ (5.36 kWh) required to boil 2 gallons of water (25 °C to 100°C boiling)  Inefficiencies can be supplemented by propane (later methane)  Criteria for selection:  Initial cost  Operating cost  Safety  Lifespan, durability

Available Solar Energy  Total average daily energy = 8.47 kWh/m 2 /day

Solar Heating Concepts Collector 1.Evacuated tubes 2.Flat plate Concentrators 3.Fresnel Lens 4.Water lens 5.Parabolic reflector 6.Solar trough Photovoltaic Panels

Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated Tubes Heat-Transfer-300x248.jpg content/uploads/how-evac-tubes-work.jpg

Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated Tubes

Solar Thermal Collectors  Flat Plate Collector E3-S-ST-B.jpg Plate-Panels-Installed.jpg

Solar Thermal Collectors  Evacuated tubes x Flat Plates - Relative costs - Efficiency

Solar Thermal Collectors  Relative costs (evacuated tubes) Temperature difference =75ºC Slope: 3.24 $/W Relative cost average: 3.56 $/W Power (w) Cost (US$)

Solar Thermal Collectors  Relative costs (flat plates) Temperature difference =75ºC Slope: 7.34 $/W Relative cost average: 8.20 $/W Power (w) Cost (US$)

Solar Thermal Collectors  Efficiency Duda Solar SC5815 Evacuated Tubes Titan Power ALDH29 Flat Plate ΔTΔT Efficiency

Solar Thermal Collectors  Efficiency png? gif

Photovoltaic Collectors  Solar Panels - Converts the suns radiation into electricity  Charge Controller – Prevents overcharging of the battery  Deep Cycle Battery – Stores energy to offset power fluctuations  Electric Heating Coil – Converts electricity into heat

Solar Concentrators  Solar energy through concentrated light  Fresnel Lens  Water Lens  Parabolic Reflector  Solar Trough  Gold Nanoparticles All require tracking

Calculations  Broke down energy required for processing:  % needed from solar source: (~6 hours of sun)  111 Watts for 48 hours straight  222 Watts for 2 x 12 hour sessions  Remaining % from propane (methane)  Calculated cost of solar source to meet power requirement  Benchmarking  Calculated cost savings vs 100% propane  Hypothetical payback period

Calculations Known Values & Assumptions:

Completed Solar Concept Table 48 Hour Continuous Cycle – 111W 24 Hour Cycle Over 2, 12 Hour Processes – 222W

Select Concept  Customer feedback  Primary plan: solar trough  Novel idea  Low Cost  Safe  Back-up plan: photovoltaic  Less efficient  Proven concept

All other Sub-systems

Boiler  Store bought pressure cooker  Pressure monitor  Lid that clamps sealed  Steam outlet port  Stainless Steel Stock Pot  Simple  Cheap  Ability to be modified

Wet Wet-Dry Dry Steam Distillation

WetWet-Dry Steam Distillation Comparison  Cheapest  ✔  High  Simple  0.25%  Middle  ✔  -  Moderate  0.25% Dry  Most Expensive  ✔  -  Complex  0.08% Cost Feasible Fuel Req. Design Oil Yield  High  0.08%

Wet-Dry Steam Concepts

Condenser  Steam/Oil Mixture must be condensed in order to separate oil from water.  Coil Bath Condenser  Length  Flow

Separate Oil  Water must be seperated from oil.  Immiscible fluids separate by density  Ways to separate include:  Manually drawing out oil using pipette  Seperatory Funnel

System Costs

Water Container Water Flow Solar Trough Steam Flow Plant Matter Container Condenser Oil/Steam Flow Water/Oil Separate by Density Water/Oil Mixture

Test Plan Outline TestRelated Engineering Requirement Heating/BoilingS2, S3, S19, S20, S21, S26 SteamingS4, S26 CondensingS26 Collector/SeparatorS5,S6,S26 Oil QualityS22, S23, S24, S25 Total SystemS1, S7, S8, S9 S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18

 Heating/Boiler  Time to reach boiling  Continuous steam production  Total water boiled in 1 day  Steaming  Plant material capacity  Ensure steam passes through plant material  Check for pressure build up  Condenser  Steam flow rate  Input/output fluid temp  Operation over time Detailed Test Plan  Collector/Separator  Oil recovery rate  Oil Quality  Quality of store bought oil  Quality of distilled oil  System  Processing time  Ease of use  Area of exposed hot surfaces  Set up and repair tools required  Size and weight

We Have Vetiver!  6 sterile plants  Goal: have developed roots to test distillation process  Grown in College of Science Greenhouse

Project Management Updates  Added risks:  Vetiver dies  Solar trough does not provide enough energy  Solar tracking is too fragile  Lessons Learned:  Meeting plans are essential  Consult customer early on  MSD tools & templates may need to be adapted to fit the project

Next Steps (sub-system design)  Assign sub-system design owners  Identify sub-system interfaces  Determine appropriate dimensions  Select materials  Prepare for tests

Questions?