Excel Objects, User Interface, and Data Entry

◦ Application Window  Title Bar  Menu Bar  Toolbars  Status Bar  Worksheet Window  Worksheet Input Area  Row and Column Headings  Sheet Tabs  Scroll Bars  Common Features

◦ Workbook  Stored in an Excel data file  Filename has.xlsx extension ◦ Worksheet  Workbook contains 3 by default  Sheet Tabs ◦ Cell  Intersection of a row and a column  Cell Address or Cell Reference (A1, BA542, etc.) ◦ Range  A range is a grouping of two or more cells  Vertical / horizontal grouping of all cells in the dimension  Names are Alpha / Numeric

◦ Data are inputs to Cells ◦ Excel interprets each cell entry as:  Value – numeric constant  Text – any other combination of numeric/nonnumeric chars.  Formula ◦ Each Cell has a Returned Value ◦ Value and Text Entry - the returned value is identical to the entry data

◦ Formula Entry - the returned value is the result of a computation that may include:  operators  Some formula (arithmetic) operators: * / + - % ^  literal values or strings  46.9, 2.0, 879, January, Monday  cell references  A1, B43, A1:D7  worksheet functions and arguments  parentheses  that control the order in which expressions in the formula are evaluated

◦ Starts with = sign ◦ Examples (assume value A1 is 4, B2 is 3):  Entry: =7+9 Returned Value: 16  Entry: =A2*5 Returned Value: 20  Entry: =(A1-B2)*6 Returned Value: 6  Entry: =“Sat” Returned Value: Sat

◦ Worksheet Functions a predefined computational task or calculation  Every Function Consists of:  Function Name  Arguments  literal values, cell references, expressions, functions  arguments are separated by commas  argument list is enclosed in parentheses

 Functions: ◦ SUM ◦ AVERAGE ◦ MAX ◦ MIN ◦ COUNT ◦ ROUND

◦ Value, Text and Formula Entries can be easily duplicated to other cells ◦ When you copy a cell you are copying both entry and formatting ◦ Formatting refers:  Numeric Formatting  Stylistic Formatting ◦ Ways of Copying Info

◦ Cell and Range References  Relative  Cell reference adjusts to new location  Absolute  Cell reference does not change  Mixed References  Row Absolute  Column part adjusts, row part does not change  Column Absolute  Row part adjusts, column part does not change

 Math operations with multiple spreadsheets  Protection by a password  Conditional formatting  Functions countif and sumif  Function If  Function AND  Using IF and AND in a formula  Data tools

 Guidelines for importing foreign data: ◦ When possible, save data as tab-delimited ASCII text in a file with a.txt extension; ◦ When data comes from the Web, select a browser that supports Copy/Paste of tagged tables; ◦ When the foreign data format is messed up, use a text editor with Search/Replace, apply placeholder technique, and write the revised data with.txt extension.