Keystone Algebra I Practice Workbook Harrisburg School District, Harrisburg, PA Name: _____________________________

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Operations, Linear Equations & Inequalities Linear Functions & Data Organization Fill In the Blank Written Response (Modules 1 & 2) Graph Interpretation Mixed Practice Glossary of Terms 3

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Much of the material from this workbook was reproduced under Fair Use from the PDE Keystone Exams “Item and Scoring Sampler”. Other problems were created by the team or copied directly from other Keystone preparation websites. Modules 1 & 2 and the Constructed Response section are PDE examples of what will be on the exam. The first problems listed in the CR2 sections were also issued by the PDE, the rest were created by the team. Please anyone on the last page with corrections, suggestions or examples that you would like to see included in future editions. About this workbook… 5

Assessment Anchors Covered Module 1: Operations and Linear Equations and Inequalities Module 2: Linear Functions and Data Organization Total Number of Multiple Choice Questions Number of Constructed Response Questions 448 Algebra I Keystone Exam Quick Facts Estimated time to take the test is 2.5 hours. 6

The Algebra I Keystone Exam will have two different types of constructed-response questions. Both types of constructed-response questions will be scored on a scale ranging from 0–4 points. Scaffolding Completion Questions are constructed-response questions that elicit two- to-four distinct responses from a student. When administered online, the responses are electronically entered by the student and are objective and concise. Some examples of student responses may be 5 gallons, vertex at (5, 11), or y = 3x + 9. A designated answer space/box will be provided for each part of the question. No extraneous work or explanation will be scored. To the greatest extent possible, automated scoring will be used to determine the point value of the responses. When applicable, Inferred Partial Credit Rubrics and Scoring Guides will be used to award partial credit to qualifying responses. Extended Scaffolding Completion Questions are constructed-response questions that require students to respond with extraneous work or explanation for at least part of the question. For example, the student may be asked to “Show all of your work,” “Explain why the curve is not a parabola,” or “What is the error in Jill’s reasoning?” When administered online, responses can be typed by the student, but scoring will not be automated. Question-specific scoring guides will be used by scorers to award credit, including partial credit, for responses. Constructed Response Questions 7

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Rubric: 1 point for each correct answer: multiple choice. 9

A1.1.1 Operations with Real Numbers and Expressions 10

1. Which of the following inequalities is true for all real values of x? A. x 3 ≥ x 2 B. 3x 2 ≥ 2x 3 C. (2x) 2 ≥ 3x 2 D. 3(x – 2) 2 ≥ 3x 2 – 2 11

4. Two monomials are shown below. 450x 2 y 5 3,000x 4 y 3 What is the least common multiple (LCM) of these monomials? A.2xy B. 30xy C. 150x 2 y 3 D. 9,000x 4 y 5 12

6. A theme park charges $52 for a day pass and $110 for a week pass. Last month, 4,432 day passes were sold and 979 week passes were sold. Which is the closest estimate of the total amount of money paid for the day and week passes for last month? A. $300,000 B. $400,000 C. $500,000 D. $600,000 13

7. A polynomial expression is shown below. (mx 3 + 3) (2x 2 + 5x + 2) – (8x x 4 ) The expression is simplified to 8x 3 + 6x x + 6. What is the value of m? A.–8 B. –4 C. 4 D When the expression x 2 – 3x – 18 is factored completely, which is one of its factors? A.(x – 2) B. (x – 3) C. (x – 6) D. (x – 9) 14

9. Which is a factor of the trinomial x 2 – 2x – 15? A.(x – 13) B. (x – 5) C. (x + 5) D. (x + 13) 15

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A1.1.2 Linear Equations 17

12. Jenny has a job that pays her $8 per hour plus tips (t). Jenny worked for 4 hours on Monday and made $65 in all. Which equation could be used to find t, the amount Jenny made in tips? A. 65 = 4t + 8 B. 65 = 8t ÷ 4 C. 65 = 8t + 4 D. 65 = 8(4) + t 13. One of the steps Jamie used to solve an equation is shown below. –5(3x + 7) = 10 –15x + – 35 = 10 Which statements describe the procedure Jamie used in this step and identify the property that justifies the procedure? A. Jamie added –5 and 3x to eliminate the parentheses. This procedure is justified by the associative property. B. Jamie added –5 and 3x to eliminate the parentheses. This procedure is justified by the distributive property. C. Jamie multiplied 3x and 7 by –5 to eliminate the parentheses. This procedure is justified by the associative property. D. Jamie multiplied 3x and 7 by –5 to eliminate the parentheses. This procedure is justified by the distributive property. 18

14. Francisco purchased x hot dogs and y hamburgers at a baseball game. He spent a total of $10. The equation below describes the relationship between the number of hot dogs and the number of hamburgers purchased. 3x + 4y = 10 The ordered pair (2, 1) is a solution of the equation. What does the solution (2, 1) represent? A. Hamburgers cost 2 times as much as hot dogs. B. Francisco purchased 2 hot dogs and 1 hamburger. C. Hot dogs cost $2 each and hamburgers cost $1 each. D. Francisco spent $2 on hot dogs and $1 on hamburgers. 15. Anna burned 15 calories per minute running for x minutes and 10 calories per minute hiking for y minutes. She spent a total of 60 minutes running and hiking and burned 700 calories. The system of equations shown below can be used to determine how much time Anna spent on each exercise. 15x + 10y = 700 x + y = 60 What is the value of x, the minutes Anna spent running? A. 10 B. 20 C. 30 D

16. Samantha and Maria purchased flowers. Samantha purchased 5 roses for x dollars each and 4 daisies for y dollars each and spent $32 on the flowers. Maria purchased 1 rose for x dollars and 6 daisies for y dollars each and spent $22. The system of equations shown below represents this situation. 5x + 4y = 32 x + 6y = 22 Which statement is true? A. A rose costs $1 more than a daisy. B. Samantha spent $4 on each daisy. C. Samantha spent more on daisies than she did on roses. D. Samantha spent over 4 times as much on daisies as she did on roses. 20

A1.1.3 Linear Inequalities 21

17. A compound inequality is shown below. 5 < 2 – 3y < 14 What is the solution of the compound inequality? A.–4 > y > –1 B. –4 < y < –1 C. 1 > y > 4 D. 1 < y < 4 22

19. The solution set of an inequality is graphed on the number line below. The graph shows the solution set of which inequality? A.2x + 5 < –1 B. 2x + 5 ≤ –1 C. 2x + 5 > –1 D. 2x + 5 ≥ –1 20. A baseball team had $1,000 to spend on supplies. The team spent $185 on a new bat. New baseballs cost $4 each. The inequality b ≤ 1,000 can be used to determine the number of new baseballs (b) that the team can purchase. Which statement about the number of new baseballs that can be purchased is true? A.The team can purchase 204 new baseballs. B. The minimum number of new baseballs that can be purchased is 185. C. The maximum number of new baseballs that can be purchased is 185. D. The team can purchase 185 new baseballs, but this number is neither the maximum nor the minimum. 23

21. A system of inequalities is shown below. y < x – 6 y > –2x Which graph shows the solution set of the system of inequalities? 24

22. Tyreke always leaves a tip of between 8% and 20% for the server when he pays for his dinner. This can be represented by the system of inequalities shown below, where y is the amount of tip and x is the cost of dinner. y > 0.08x y < 0.2x Which of the following is a true statement? A. When the cost of dinner ( x) is $10, the amount of tip ( y) must be between $2 and $8. B. When the cost of dinner ( x) is $15, the amount of tip ( y) must be between $1.20 and $3.00. C. When the amount of tip ( y) is $3, the cost of dinner ( x) must be between $11 and $23. D. When the amount of tip ( y) is $2.40, the cost of dinner ( x) must be between $3 and $6. 25

Rubric: 1 point for each correct answer: multiple choice. 26

A1.2.1 Functions 27

23. Tim’s scores the first 5 times he played a video game are listed below. 4,526 4,599 4,672 4,745 4,818 Tim’s scores follow a pattern. Which expression can be used to determine his score after he played the video game n times? A.73n + 4,453 B. 73(n + 4,453) C. 4,453n + 73 D. 4,526n 28

24. Which graph shows y as a function of x? 29

25. The graph of a function is shown below. Which value is not in the range of the function? A.0 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 30

26. A pizza restaurant charges for pizzas and adds a delivery fee. The cost (c), in dollars, to have any number of pizzas (p) delivered to a home is described by the function c = 8p + 3. Which statement is true? A.The cost of 8 pizzas is $11. B. The cost of 3 pizzas is $14. C. Each pizza costs $8 and the delivery fee is $3. D. Each pizza costs $3 and the delivery fee is $ The table below shows values of y as a function of x. Which linear equation best describes the relationship between x and y? A.y = 2.5x + 5 B. y = 3.75x C. y = 4x + 1 D. y = 5x 31

A1.2.2 Coordinate Geometry 32

28. Jeff’s restaurant sells hamburgers. The amount charged for a hamburger ( h) is based on the cost for a plain hamburger plus an additional charge for each topping (t ) as shown in the equation below. h = 0.60t + 5 What does the number 0.60 represent in the equation? A.the number of toppings B. the cost of a plain hamburger C. the additional cost for each topping D. the cost of a hamburger with 1 topping 33

What is the horizontal distance (x), in feet, the ball traveled as it rolled down the ramp from 10 feet high to 4 feet high? A.6 B. 9 C. 14 D

30. A graph of a linear equation is shown below. Which equation describes the graph? A. y = 0.5x – 1.5 B. y = 0.5x + 3 C. y = 2x – 1.5 D. y = 2x

31. A juice machine dispenses the same amount of juice into a cup each time the machine is used. The equation below describes the relationship between the number of cups (x) into which juice is dispensed and the gallons of juice (y) remaining in the machine. x + 12y = 180 How many gallons of juice are in the machine when it is full? A.12 B. 15 C. 168 D

32. The scatter plot below shows the cost ( y) of ground shipping packages from Harrisburg, PA, to Minneapolis, MN, based on the package weight ( x). Which equation best describes the line of best fit? A.y = 0.37x B. y = 0.37x C. y = 0.68 x D. y = 0.68 x

A1.2.3 Data Analysis 38

33. The daily high temperatures, in degrees Fahrenheit (°F), of a town are recorded for one year. The median high temperature is 62°F. The interquartile range of high temperatures is 32. Which is most likely to be true? A.Approximately 25% of the days had a high temperature less than 30°F. B.Approximately 25% of the days had a high temperature greater than 62°F. C.Approximately 50% of the days had a high temperature greater than 62°F. D.Approximately 75% of the days had a high temperature less than 94°F. 34. The daily high temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit in Allentown, PA, for a period of 10 days are shown below Which statement correctly describes the data? A.The median value is 98. B. The interquartile range is 16. C. The lower quartile value is 76. D. The upper quartile value is

35. Vy asked 200 students to select their favorite sport and then recorded the results in the bar graph below. Vy will ask another 80 students to select their favorite sport. Based on the information in the bar graph, how many more students of the next 80 asked will select basketball rather than football as their favorite sport? A.10 B. 20 C. 25 D

36. The points scored by a football team are shown in the stem-and-leaf plot below. What was the median number of points scored by the football team? A.24 B. 27 C. 28 D

37. John recorded the weight of his dog Spot at different ages as shown in the scatter plot below. Based on the line of best fit, what will be Spot’s weight after 18 months? A.27 pounds B. 32 pounds C. 36 pounds D. 50 pounds 42

Rubric: 1 point for each correct answer. Units are usually supplied for the student. Answer is usually a number, equation or description 43

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Rubric: [4 points] 1 point for correct answers in the box. 1 additional point for correct description, when prompted. 69

What’s the main idea? A = L x W 1 Point Draw the 3” frame : Why am I doing this step? What does the answer mean to the average person? Why am I doing this step? What’s the main idea? A = L x W 70

What’s the main idea? 1 Point Draw the 3” frame : What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What does the answer mean to the average person? 71

A: Write a polynomial expression, in simplified form, which represents the area of the paper. B: Shalamar wants to make a poster out of her art work. From experience, she knows that it is best not to reprint this type of art more than 4 times larger, as measured by area. Write expressions, in simplified form, which represent the lengths and widths of the largest poster size that Shalamar may print, given the length of an original side, X. [Note: Art reprints remain proportionate in size to the original.] What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What does the answer mean to the average person? EX: Shalamar made a print in art class from ink, paint, carved blocks and objects from nature. Paper sizes in art class always have one side with a length that is 17/22 of the longer side. X 72

C: The poster is too big for the marquis in the school hallway. So, Shalamar makes another poster which is only 2 ¼ times larger than the original. What are the new dimensions? [Note: Art reprints remain proportionate in size to the original.] Show all your work. Explain why you did each step. Why am I doing this step? What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What does the answer mean to the average person? 73

Rubric: [4 points] 1 point for correct answers in the box. 1 point for a correct graph [2 points and line] 1 additional point for correct description, when prompted. 74

Let’s look at the correct way to answer a constructed response: 75

This is a bare minimum explanation – notice that it does not explain that the slope is negative or restate the meaning like, “You burn up gas as you drive.” 1 Point Now, rewrite the explanation. Use your own words and explain all 4 points above : gallons of gas in tank 1 Point miles driven Now, trade papers with a partner. Circle and number all 4 explanation points from above. Add what they missed. A1.2.1 Response Score Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

Let’s try this same problem again, now that we’ve practiced: 77

1 Point Now, trade papers with a partner. Circle and number all 4 explanation points from above. Add what they missed. Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person? miles driven 1 Point gallons of gas in tank A1.2.1 Response Score 78

A: When Buttercup drives to work, she spends 3 minutes getting into her car from her house, 2 minutes starting her car and 5 minutes walking to her work station. If her average speed is 30 miles per hour, then how long will it take Buttercup to get to her workstation if she lives 10 miles from work? Show all your work. Explain why you did each step. B: Sometimes Buttercup visits a friend or goes shopping before work. Write an equation, in simplified form, that represents Buttercup’s travel time (t) to work based upon the distance (d) she must travel. Assume the time to get into and start her car, as well as walk to her work station remain the same as in Part A. Show all your work. Explain why you did each step. What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What’s the main idea? Why am I doing this step? What does the answer mean to the average person? EX: Buttercup has a fairly constant amount of time it takes for her to get into her car from a house, start the car and then later to walk to her workstation from her car. 79

Time (t) Distance (d) Time (t) Distance (d) D: If Buttercup stops at a Drive-Thru on her way to work, 10 minutes is added to her total travel time. Write a new equation to explain her trips to work when she stops at a Drive-Thru. Make a new data table below. Make a second line on the above graph to represent this new expression. Explain the combined graph. C: Rewrite the equation from Part B in the line provided. Use this equation to create a data table showing the relationship between time (in 5 minute increments) and distance to work (in miles). Draw a graph using the data or equation. d t minutes Equation: ______________________________________ New Equation: _____________________________________ What does the answer mean to the average person? 80

A: Write an equation to find the cost of a stock trade (s) for a given trade amount (t). Explain the slope and intercept values of your equation. B: Make a data table for Malik’s trades based upon the equation you made in Part A. Graph the data. What does the answer mean to the average person? EX: Malik trades stocks in his retirement account. Every trade costs $5 plus $1 for every $1,000 traded. Trade Amount (t) Trade Cost (s) t Trade Amount x $1, s 81

Time (t) Distance (d) D: Explain the graphs in Parts B & C. C: Rewrite the equation from Part A in the line provided. Use this equation to create a new data table showing the relationship between trade amount (this time in $10,000 increments) and trade cost (in dollars). Draw a graph using the data or equation. Equation: ______________________________________ t Trade Amount x $10, s Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

This section has graphs that the students may practice interpreting. The rubric is provided with each problem as a guide to answering Keystone questions. 83

Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

S T Daily Temperature ⁰F Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

$ E Monthly Electric Usage KWh Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

A D № Days Marched Below Freezing Army Size x1, Explain : Is slope negative or positive? Which quantity is increasing? Which quantity is decreasing? What does this mean to the average person?

multiple choice: 100 problems for practice 88

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Credits & Kudos PDESAS Harrisburg School District Math Wikispace North Allegheny Intermediate High School Harrisburg School District Diane Harris, GEAR UP Math Coach Bob Moreland, SIG Math Transformation Consultant Connie Shatto, GEAR UP Math Coach Autumn Calnon, Special Ed Teacher Dave MacIntire, Math Teacher Eric Croll, Math Teacher Questions or Comments: 120