INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 1 Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 InGAS Integrated GAS Powertrain meeting ITALIAN NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL Istituto Motori, Via Marconi, 8 – 80125, Naples M.Gambino, S.Iannaccone, L.De Simio

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 2 CNR IM activities in Sub-Project A1 Task3: Experimental investigation on the use of NG/H2 blends; efficiency and emissions, including PM analysis Analysis of combustion Sub-Project A1 “CNG Engine Technologies for Passenger Car” WP3 “Combustion process investigations”

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 3 Experimental grid 1750 rpm / 17, 50 and 80 Nm 2050 rpm / 17, 50 and 80 Nm 3000 rpm / 17, 50 and 80 Nm Mean values calculated as:

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 4 TESTS at WOT with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% New tests with a blend NG/H2 40% have been carried out in the nine points of the experimental grid. Moreover other tests have been carried out at wide open throttle with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40%. The results shown as mean values are referred only to the nine points of the grid, while the colour charts are referred to all the experimental points (including: the nine points of the mid/low speed/load grid, the points at WOT and other four points at high speed and mid/low load to complete the charts).

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 5 Maximum Power and efficiency at WOT condition and standard ECU with NG – NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40%

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 6 Natural Gas Unburned Percentage 1.THC emission are influenced not only by a better combustion but also by the substitution of a NG fraction with H2 2.The ratio between mass specific THC emission and mass specific NG consumption was evaluated. This ratio was named NG UP “Natural Gas Unburned Percentage”. It can change in the range from 0% (complete NG combustion) to 100% (all NG unburned) y H2 [%] hydrogen mass fraction NG [g/kWh] THC [g/kWh] H 2, [g/kWh] ENGINE

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 7 THC Emissions and “Natural Gas Unburned Percentage” with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 8 Air/Fuel Control Parameters and Spark Advance Mean Values with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 9 Injection Time and Spark Advance with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 10 In Cylinder Pressure and Rate of Heat Release with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 11 Mean Combustion Parameters with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points

INGAS 24th Months Brussels Meeting, 27 & 28 October 2010 INGAS INtegrated GAS Powertrain 12 Ignition Delay and Main Combustion Duration with NG, NG/H2 20% and NG/H2 40% Blends in the Experimental Points